Answer the following question: Given the following passage  "In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.",  answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text.  Question: Who was the true enemy here?
Answer:
Philip II