Problem: Given the question: Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: What is the last name of the person that is arrested along with the fire chief after the local gangster confesses?  Gabe Ryan is released from reform school and it taken to a new house by his sister Joy to start a new life where no one knows of his past.  However, Gabe immediately joins a local gang, the Beale Street Termites,  where he meets up with William Kroner, a local gangster.  William accuses him of starting a fire at one of his properties, and Alfred Martino, the actual arsonist, uses this opportunity to frame Gabe for any fire.  He decides to torch one of his apartment complexes so that he can collect the insurance money.  Unfortunately, one of the kids, Sleepy is killed in the fire. Patrick Remson, the Assistant District Attorney, tries to prove Gabe's innocence.  His motives are not only to prove Gabe's innocence, but also to get closer to his sister.  Joy has devoted her life to helping Gabe and neglects her other interests, which was rallying against city government corruption, which pleases Martino.  However, it is all for naught as Gabe is found guilty and sentenced to prison. The other boys, led by Billy, decide to do something to help Gabe.  Billy runs for "boy mayor" and wins.  He has Kroner arrested for a small infraction and sends him to jail.  While there, Billy and the rest of the gang interrogate him and try to make him admit that Gabe is innocent.  He does not cave in, that is until he is shown proof that his accomplices, Martino and the fire chief, are planning to skip the country.  He confesses and Martino and the chief are arrested and sent to prison.
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The answer is:
Martino


Problem: Given the question: Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: What is the last name of the person who returned to Australia in 1885?  Florence Fuller was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in 1867, a daughter of Louisa and John Hobson Fuller. She had several siblings, including sisters Amy and Christie, both of whom subsequently became singers. The family migrated to Australia when Florence was a child. She worked as a governess while undertaking studies in art, and first took classes at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School in 1883, then again for a further term of study in 1888. During this period she was a student of Jane Sutherland, referred to in the Australian Dictionary of Biography as "the leading female artist in the group of Melbourne painters who broke with the nineteenth-century tradition of studio art by sketching and painting directly from nature".Fuller's uncle was Robert Hawker Dowling, a painter of orientalist and Aboriginal subjects, as well as portraits and miniatures. British-born, he had grown up in Tasmania and made a living there as a portraitist, before returning to his native England at age thirty. For the next two decades, his works were frequently hung at the Royal Academy. He returned to Australia in 1885, and Fuller became his pupil. In that year, aged eighteen, Fuller received a commission from Ann Fraser Bon, philanthropist and supporter of Victoria's Aboriginal people. The commission was for Barak–last chief of the Yarra Yarra Tribe of Aborigines, a formal oil on canvas portrait of the Indigenous Australian leader, William Barak. Ultimately, that painting was acquired by the State Library of Victoria. Although the painting is an important work regularly used to illustrate this significant figure in Australia's history, interpretations of Fuller's portrait are mixed: one critic noted the painting's objectivity and avoidance of romanticising Aboriginal people, while another concluded that "Fuller is painting an ideal rather than a person".In 1886, Dowling returned to his native England. Giving up her work as a governess, Fuller began to paint full-time, and had opened her own studio before she had...
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The answer is:
Dowling


Problem: Given the question: Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: What has melted to cause gas to come up from the ravine between the family?  The film adopts a linear plot. Ice Quake is an action film about the Alaskan landscape, where there is a great threat that is going to affect the beautiful and gentle scenery. Under the permafrost, organic materials have been rotting for thousands of years and the compound is very deadly to the planet. As the permafrost thaws, underground volatile liquid methane and gases are created which causes a succession of violent and very destructive earthquakes. A family ends up going to this Alaskan landscape on the hunt for a Christmas tree, hoping to have fun, and unfortunately finds out firsthand how deadly this can be. As they are exploring these mountains,  their dog runs away for an unknown reason and soon after there is an explosion of gas from underneath the ice that ends up causing an avalanche. The family has to run for their lives. The father takes charge and tries to lead them to safety when suddenly another tremor occurs. This time, it causes the ground to split open, creating a deep ravine dividing the family apart - the parents on one side and two children on the other. They cannot group back together as there is dangerous gas flowing out the ravine so the father tell them to go to the summit and wait for rescue. The children head up to top to then find out there is a storm on their way causing more concern. The younger brother suggests they keep moving until they can stop at a safe place As this chaos is going on, the military based around the mountain are investigating the tremors. At first believed the tremors were being caused by earthquakes but then discover that there have been no tectonic movements and nothing has showed on the Richter scale. They then thought it could have been a volcano eruption causing this but also ends up to be false. It is a race against time to stop these harmful liquids and gases before it leads to a catastrophic explosion that threatens the planet.
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The answer is:
permafrost