VEDAI is a dataset for Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery, provided as a tool to benchmark automatic target recognition algorithms in unconstrained environments. The vehicles contained in the database, in addition of being small, exhibit different variabilities such as multiple orientations, lighting/shadowing changes, specularities or occlusions. Furthermore, each image is available in several spectral bands and resolutions. A precise experimental protocol is also given, ensuring that the experimental results obtained by different people can be properly reproduced and compared. We also give the performance of some baseline algorithms on this dataset, for different settings of these algorithms, to illustrate the difficulties of the task and provide baseline comparisons.