[Q]: Information:  - Ab l - Athiyya (   , full name Abu Isaq Ism'l ibn Qsim al - Anaz    (      ) Abu l - ' Atahiyya ( 748 - 828 ) was an Arab poet born at ' Aynu t - Tamar in the Iraqi desert , near al - Anbar . His ancestors were of the tribe of Anaza . His youth was spent in Kufa , where he was engaged for some time in selling pottery . Moving to Baghdad , he continued his business there , but became famous for his verses , especially for those addressed to Utba , a concubine of the Abbasid Caliph al - Mahdi . His love was unrequited , although al - Mahdi , and after him Caliph ar - Rashd , interceded for him . Having offended the caliph , he was imprisoned for a short time . He died in 828 in the reign of Caliph al - Ma'mn . The poetry of Ab l - Athiyya is notable for its avoidance of the artificiality almost universal in his days . The older poetry of the desert had been constantly imitated up to this time , although it was not natural to town life . Ab l - Athiyya was one of the first to drop the old qasda ( elegy ) form . He was very fluent and used many metres . He is also regarded as one of the earliest philosophical poets of the Arabs . Much of his poetry is concerned with the observation of common life and morality , and at times is pessimistic . Thus he was strongly suspected of heresy .  - Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.  - Najaf (BGN: "An Najaf") is a city in central Iraq about 160 km (roughly 100 miles) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2013 was 1,000,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate. It is widely considered the third holiest city of Shia Islam, the Shia worlds spiritual capital and the center of Shi'a political power in Iraq.  - Kufa is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.    Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'religion' with 'shia islam'.
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[A]: abu-l-'atahiya


[Q]: Information:  - Mathematics (from Greek  "máthma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.  - In mathematics graph theory is the study of "graphs", which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of "vertices", "nodes", or "points" which are connected by "edges", "arcs", or "lines". A graph may be "undirected", meaning that there is no distinction between the two vertices associated with each edge, or its edges may be "directed" from one vertex to another; see Graph (discrete mathematics) for more detailed definitions and for other variations in the types of graph that are commonly considered. Graphs are one of the prime objects of study in discrete mathematics.  - The Lamsade is a French laboratory located in the Paris Dauphine University, it was created by Bernard Roy in 1976. Lamsade stands for "Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Modélisation des Systèmes pour l'Aide à la Décision". About 70 employees work for this laboratory and six masters (of which two are research-oriented) are associated with the Lamsade. Two main research topics are the computer science and operations research.  - Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.  - ELECTRE is a family of multi-criteria decision analysis methods that originated in Europe in the mid-1960s. The acronym ELECTRE stands for: ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination and Choice Expressing REality).  - Bernard Roy ( born in 1934 ) is an emeritus professor at the Université Paris - Dauphine . In 1974 he founded the `` Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Modélisation des Systèmes pour l'Aide à la Décision '' ( Lamsade ) . He has worked on graph theory and on multi-criteria decision analysis ( MCDA ) , having created the ELECTRE family of methods . The name ELECTRE stands for `` ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité '' .    Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'languages spoken or written' with 'french'.
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[A]:
bernard roy