Problem: Information:  - The galleass developed from large merchant galleys . Converted for military use they were higher , larger and slower than regular ( `` light '' ) galleys . They had up to 32 oars , each worked by up to 5 men . They usually had three masts and a forecastle and aftcastle . Much effort was made in Venice to make these galleasses as fast as possible to compete with regular galleys . The gun - deck usually ran over the rowers ' heads , but there are also pictures showing the opposite arrangement . Galleasses usually carried more sails than true galleys , and were far deadlier ; a galley caught broadside lay all but helpless , since coming broadside to a galleass , as with a ship of the line , exposed an attacker to her gunfire . Relatively few galleasses were built -- one disadvantage was that , being more reliant on sails , their position at the front of the galley line at the start of a battle could not be guaranteed -- but they were used at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 , their firepower helping to win victory for the Holy League fleet , and some sufficiently seaworthy galleasses accompanied the Spanish Armada in 1588 ( e.g. La Girona ) . In the 15th century a type of light galleass , called the frigate , was built in southern European countries to answer the increasing challenge posed by the north African based Barbary pirates in their fast galleys . In the Mediterranean , with its shallower waters , less dangerous weather and fickle winds , both galleasses and galleys continued in use , particularly in Venice and the Ottoman Empire , long after they became obsolete elsewhere . Later , `` round ships '' and galleasses were replaced by galleons and ships of the line which originated in Atlantic Europe . The first Venetian ship of the line was built in 1660 . In the North Sea and western Baltic , the term refers to small commercial vessels similar to a flat - sterned herring Buss .  - The word "galley" may come into English from Gaelic, as a way to describe ships produced in Scotland and Ireland, Gaelic countries long known for ship-building.  - A modern sailing ship or sailship is any large wind-powered vessel. Traditionally a sailing ship (or simply ship) is a sailing vessel that carries three or more masts with square sails on each. Large sailing vessels that are not ship-rigged may be more precisely referred to by their sail rig, such as schooner, barque (also spelled "bark"), brig, barkentine, brigantine or sloop.  - Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.  - Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.  - A castle (from ) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word "castle", but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble. This is distinct from a palace, which is not fortified; from a fortress, which was not always a residence for nobility; and from a fortified settlement, which was a public defence  though there are many similarities among these types of construction. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses. Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built, they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls and arrowslits, were commonplace.  - Forecastle (pron. -sul; commonly abbreviated "fo'c's'le") refers to the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase "" which denotes anything related to ordinary sailors, as opposed to a ship's officers.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'subclass of'.

A: galleass , sailing ship


Problem: Information:  - Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.  - The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the East and West from China to the Mediterranean Sea.  - Kyriacos Chailis ( Greek :   ; born February 23 , 1978 in Famagusta ) is a Cypriot football striker who recently released from Chalkanoras Idaliou .  - Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus is considered by the international community to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.  - The maritime republics of the Mediterranean Basin were thalassocratic city-states which flourished in Italy and Dalmatia during the Middle Ages. The best known among the maritime republics are Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Ragusa, and Amalfi. Less known are Gaeta, Ancona, Noli.  - The Levant (Arabic:  "") is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean. In its widest historical sense, the Levant included all of the eastern Mediterranean with its islands, that is, it included all of the countries along the Eastern Mediterranean shores, extending from Greece to Cyrenaica. The term "Levant" entered English in the late 15th century from French. It derives from the Italian "Levante", meaning "rising", implying the rising of the sun in the east. As such, it is broadly equivalent to the Arabic term "Mashriq", meaning "the land where the sun rises".  - Famagusta ([] or ), is a city on the east coast of Cyprus. It is located east of Nicosia, and possesses the deepest harbour of the island. During the medieval period (especially under the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice), Famagusta was the island's most important port city, and a gateway to trade with the ports of the Levant, from where the Silk Road merchants carried their goods to Western Europe. The old walled city and parts of the modern town presently fall within the "de facto" Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in Gazimausa District of which it is the capital.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'country of citizenship'.

A:
kyriacos chailis , cyprus