Information:  - Disk encryption software is computer security software that protects the confidentiality of data stored on computer media (e.g., a hard disk, floppy disk, or USB device) by using disk encryption.  - Disk encryption is a technology which protects information by converting it into unreadable code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people. Disk encryption uses disk encryption software or hardware to encrypt every bit of data that goes on a disk or disk volume. Disk encryption prevents unauthorized access to data storage.  - PGP Virtual Disk is an Disk encryption system that allows one to create a virtual encrypted disk within a file . Older versions for Windows NT were freeware ( for example , bundled with PGP v6.0.2i ; and with some of the CKT builds of PGP ) . These are still available for download , but no longer maintained . Today , PGP Virtual Disk is available as part of the PGP Desktop product family , running on Windows 2000/XP/Vista , and Mac OS X.  - The bit is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device. These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term "bit" is a portmanteau of binary digit. In information theory, the bit is equivalent to the unit "shannon", named after Claude Shannon.  - In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it. Encryption does not of itself prevent interference, but denies the intelligible content to a would-be interceptor. In an encryption scheme, the intended information or message, referred to as plaintext, is encrypted using an encryption algorithm, generating ciphertext that can only be read if decrypted. For technical reasons, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random encryption key generated by an algorithm. It is in principle possible to decrypt the message without possessing the key, but, for a well-designed encryption scheme, large computational resources and skill are required. An authorized recipient can easily decrypt the message with the key provided by the originator to recipients but not to unauthorized users.    After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'pgpdisk' with the relationship of 'instance of'.  Choices: - algorithm  - code  - computer security  - cryptography  - data  - digit  - disk  - disk encryption software  - encoding  - information  - information theory  - interference  - key  - message  - principle  - process  - security  - technology  - volume
disk encryption software
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Information:  - Sylvain Edward Cappell ( born 1946 ) , a Belgian American mathematician and former student of William Browder at Princeton University , is a topologist who has spent most of his career at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU , where he is now the Silver Professor of Mathematics . He was born in Brussels , Belgium and immigrated with his parents to New York City in 1950 and grew up largely in this city . In 1963 , as a senior at the Bronx High School of Science , he won first place in the Westinghouse Science Talent Search for his work on `` The Theory of Semi-cyclical Groups with Special Reference to Non-Aristotelian Logic . '' He is best known for his `` codimension one splitting theorem '' , which is a standard tool in high - dimensional geometric topology , and a number of important results proven with his collaborator Julius Shaneson ( now at the University of Pennsylvania ) . Their work includes many results in knot theory ( and broad generalizations of that subject ) and aspects of low - dimensional topology . They gave the first nontrivial examples of topological conjugacy of linear transformations , which led to a flowering of research on the topological study of spaces with singularities . More recently , they combined their understanding of singularities , first to lattice point counting in polytopes , then to Euler - Maclaurin type summation formulae , and most recently to counting lattice points in the circle . This last problem is a classical one , initiated by Gauss , and the paper is still being vetted by experts . In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society .  - The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (CIMS) is an independent division of New York University (NYU) under the Faculty of Arts & Science that serves as a center for research and advanced training in computer science and mathematics. The Director of the Courant Institute directly reports to New York University's Provost and President and works closely with deans and directors of other NYU colleges and divisions respectively. The Courant Institute is named after Richard Courant, one of the founders of the Courant Institute and also a mathematics professor at New York University from 1936 to 1972.  - Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.  - New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the world's most influential research universities. University rankings compiled by "Times Higher Education", "U.S. News & World Report", and the "Academic Ranking of World Universities" all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a fundamental part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village, and its campuses based throughout New York City. NYU is also a world-class university, operating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai, and 11 global academic centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, and Washington, D.C.  - The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.    After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'sylvain cappell' with the relationship of 'employer'.  Choices: - brown university  - cornell university  - courant institute of mathematical sciences  - dartmouth college  - new york city  - new york university  - princeton university  - university of pennsylvania  - yale university  - york university
new york university
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