Information:  - Uncertainty is a situation which involves imperfect and/or unknown information. However, "uncertainty is an unintelligible expression without a straightforward description". It arises in subtly different ways in a number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, finance, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, and information science. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable and/or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance and/or indolence.  - Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Values (such as physical health, social status, emotional well-being or financial wealth) can be gained or lost when taking risk resulting from a given action or inaction, foreseen or unforeseen. Risk can also be defined as the intentional interaction with uncertainty. Uncertainty is a potential, unpredictable, and uncontrollable outcome; risk is a consequence of action taken in spite of uncertainty.  - Financial risk is an umbrella term for multiple types of risk associated with financing , including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default . Risk is a term often used to imply downside risk , meaning the uncertainty of a return and the potential for financial loss . A science has evolved around managing market and financial risk under the general title of modern portfolio theory initiated by Dr. Harry Markowitz in 1952 with his article , `` Portfolio Selection '' . In modern portfolio theory , the variance ( or standard deviation ) of a portfolio is used as the definition of risk .    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'field of work'.
The answer to this question is:
financial risk , economics