Problem: Given the question: Information:  - Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving in which the scuba diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater. Scuba provides the diver with the advantages of mobility and horizontal range far beyond the reach of an umbilical hose attached to surface-supplied diving equipment (SSDE). Scuba divers engaged in armed forces covert operations may be referred to as frogmen, combat divers or attack swimmers.  - Technical diving (also referred to as tec diving or tech diving) is scuba diving that exceeds the agency-specified limits of recreational diving for non-professional purposes. Technical diving may expose the diver to hazards beyond those normally associated with recreational diving, and to greater risk of serious injury or death. The risk may be reduced by appropriate skills, knowledge and experience, and by using suitable equipment and procedures. The skills may be developed through appropriate specialised training and experience. The equipment often involves breathing gases other than air or standard nitrox mixtures, and multiple gas sources.  - Nitrox is used to a lesser extent in surface-supplied diving, as these advantages are reduced by the more complex logistical requirements for nitrox compared to the use of simple low-pressure compressors for breathing gas supply. Nitrox can also be used in hyperbaric treatment of decompression illness, usually at pressures where pure oxygen would be hazardous. Nitrox is not a safer gas than compressed air in all respects; although its use can reduce the risk of decompression sickness, it increases the risk of oxygen toxicity and fire.  - Recreational diving or sport diving is a type of diving that uses SCUBA equipment for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment . In some diving circles , the term `` recreational diving '' is used in contradistinction to `` technical diving '' , a riskier and more demanding application of the sport which requires greater levels of training , experience and equipment .  - A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common, and only natural, breathing gas - but a range of pure gases or mixtures of gases are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as scuba equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, submarines, space suits, spacecraft, medical life support and first aid equipment, high-altitude mountaineering and anaesthetic machines.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'subclass of'.
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The answer is:
recreational diving , underwater diving


Please answer this: Information:  - The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden's territorial control of much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries, a time when Sweden was one of the great European powers. The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, who ascended the throne in 1611, and the end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War. In Swedish history, the period is referred to as "stormaktstiden", literally meaning "the Great Power era".  - Yakov Karlovich Grot ( Russian :    ) ( December 27 ( O.S. December 15 ) 1812 -- June 5 ( O.S. May 24 ) 1893 ) , was a nineteenth - century Russian philologist of German extraction who worked at the University of Helsinki . Grot was a graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum . In his lifetime he gained fame for his translations of German and Scandinavian poetry , his work on the theory of Russian orthography , lexicography , and grammar , and his approach to literary editing and criticism , exemplified in a full edition of the works of Derzhavin ( 1864 -- 1883 ) . His Russkoye Pravopisaniye ( 1878 , 1885 ) (   , Russian orthography ) became the standard textbook of Russian spelling and punctuation until superseded by the decrees of 1917 -- 1918 , although his definition of the theoretical foundations remains little changed to this day . Shortly before his death , he assumed the compilation of Academic dictionary of Russian ( 1891 -- 1923 ) , which , although continued by Aleksey Shakhmatov , was never to be completed . He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1858 , its chairman from 1884 , and its vice-president from 1889 . He was appointed Russian - language tutor to the future tsars Alexander II and Alexander III. His spelling primers `` reduced words to historical hieroglyphs of a kind , mismatched with the living spoken language of most Russians '' ; later linguists like Baudouin de Courtenay and Filipp Fortunatov promoted reforms that would make spelling a better reflection of spoken language .  - A university ("a whole", "a corporation") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects.  Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.  - The University of Helsinki (, , abbreviated UH) is a university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but was founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish "Åbo") in 1640 as the "Royal Academy of Turku", at that time part of the Swedish Empire. It is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. Around 36,500 students are currently enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes.  - The Royal Academy of Turku (or "Åbo Kungliga Akademi", ) was the first university in Finland, and the only Finnish university that was founded when the country still was a part of Sweden. In 1809, after Finland became a Grand Duchy under the suzerainty of the Russian Tzar, it was renamed the "Imperial Academy of Turku". In 1828, after the Great Fire of Turku, the institution was moved to Helsinki, in line with the relocation of the Grand Duchy's capital. It was finally renamed the University of Helsinki when Finland became a sovereign nation-state in 1917.  - Helsinki  is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of , an urban population of 1,214,210, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and urban area in Finland. Helsinki is located some north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.  - Turku is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Southwest Finland. Turku, as a town, was settled during the 13th century and founded most likely at the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland. It quickly became the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years. After Finland became part of the Russian Empire (1809) and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s, and it remains a regional capital and an important business and cultural center.  - Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'country of citizenship'.
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Answer:
yakov grot , russian empire