Information:  - The subfamily Xylocopinae (family Apidae) occurs worldwide, and includes the large carpenter bees (tribe Xylocopini), the small carpenter bees (tribe Ceratinini), the allodapine bees (tribe Allodapini), and the relictual genus "Manuelia" (tribe Manueliini).  - The Allodapini is a tribe of bees in the subfamily Xylocopinae, family Apidae. They occur throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, and Australasia. There is also a rare genus, Exoneuridia, that occurs in isolated regions of Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon and Iran.  - Carpenter bees ( the genus Xylocopa in the subfamily Xylocopinae ) are large bees distributed worldwide . Some 500 species of carpenter bees are in the 31 subgenera . Their common name is because nearly all species build their nests in burrows in dead wood , bamboo , or structural timbers ( except those in the subgenus Proxylocopa , which nest in the ground ) . Members of the related tribe Ceratinini are sometimes referred to as `` small carpenter bees '' .    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'carpenter bee' exhibits the relationship of 'parent taxon'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - allodapini  - apidae  - bamboo  - ceratinini  - xylocopinae
apidae

Q: Information:  - Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889  March 11, 1970) was an American lawyer and author. Though best known for the Perry Mason series of detective stories, he wrote numerous other novels and shorter pieces, as well as a series of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions in Mexico.  - In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.  - An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.  - The Case of the Lucky Legs is a 1935 mystery film , the third in a series of Perry Mason films starring Warren William as the famed lawyer .  - Perry Mason is a fictional character, a criminal defense lawyer who is the main character in works of detective fiction written by Erle Stanley Gardner. Perry Mason is featured in more than 80 novels and short stories, most of which involve a client's murder trial. Typically, Mason establishes his client's innocence by implicating another character, who then confesses.  - Mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime. It focuses on the efforts of the detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues, investigation, and clever deduction.  - Warren William (born Warren William Krech; December 2, 1894  September 24, 1948) was a Broadway and Hollywood actor, immensely popular during the early 1930s; he was later nicknamed the "King of Pre-Code".    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'the case of the lucky legs' exhibits the relationship of 'author'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - erle stanley gardner  - one
A: erle stanley gardner