Information:  - Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.  - Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus "Shigella". "Shigella" species can cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Shigellae are Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria.  - Biography. Shiga was born in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, though his original family name was Sat. He graduated from the Medical School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1896 and went to work at the Institute for the Study of Infectious Diseases under Dr. Kitasato Shibasabur. Shiga became famous for the discovery of "Shigella dysenteriae", the bacillus causing dysentery, in 1897, during a severe epidemic in which more than 90,000 cases were reported, with a mortality rate approaching 30%. The bacterium "Shigella" was thus named after him, as well as the shiga toxin, which is produced by the bacterium.  - Radioactive waste is waste that contains radioactive material. Radioactive waste is usually a by-product of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. Radioactive waste is hazardous to most forms of life and the environment, and is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment.  - Shiga toxins are a family of related toxins with two major groups, Stx1 and Stx2, expressed by genes considered to be part of the genome of lambdoid prophages. The toxins are named for Kiyoshi Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by "Shigella dysenteriae". The most common sources for Shiga toxin are the bacteria "S. dysenteriae" and the shigatoxigenic serotypes of "Escherichia coli" (STEC), which includes serotypes , , and other enterohemorrhagic "E. coli" (EHEC).  - Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellated, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the genus "Salmonella". A number of its serovars are serious human pathogens.  - Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The two species of "Salmonella" are "Salmonella enterica" and "Salmonella bongori". "Salmonella enterica" is the type species and is further divided into six subspecies that include over 2500 serotypes.  - Shigella ( / l / ) is a genus of Gram - negative , facultative anaerobic , non-spore - forming , non-motile , rod - shaped bacteria closely related to Salmonella . The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga , who first discovered it in 1897 . The causative agent of human shigellosis , Shigella causes disease in primates , but not in other mammals . It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas . During infection , it typically causes dysentery . Shigella is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea worldwide . As of 2006 , the WHO reported that Shigella causes about 165 million cases of severe dysentery , with a million resulting in death each year , mostly among children in the developing world .  - A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.  - Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.  - The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as "Salmonella", "Escherichia coli", "Yersinia pestis", "Klebsiella", and "Shigella". Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include "Proteus", "Enterobacter", "Serratia", and "Citrobacter". This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. Phylogenetically, in the Enterobacteriales, several peptidoglycan-less insect endosymbionts form a sister clade to the Enterobacteriaceae, but as they are not validly described, this group is not officially a taxon; examples of these species are "Sodalis", "Buchnera", "Wigglesworthia", "Baumannia cicadellinicola", and "Blochmannia", but not former Rickettsias. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be trivially referred to as enterobacteria or "enteric bacteria", as several members live in the intestines of animals. In fact, the etymology of the family is enterobacterium with the suffix to designate a family (aceae)not after the genus "Enterobacter" (which would be "Enterobacteraceae")and the type genus is "Escherichia".  - In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.  - A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.  - A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their cell surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the sub-species level. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes "serocomplex".    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'parent taxon' with the subject 'shigella'.  Choices: - animal  - area  - bacillus  - bacteria  - buchnera  - enterobacteriaceae  - escherichia  - escherichia coli  - homo  - human  - klebsiella  - proteobacteria  - salmonella  - serratia  - shigella
enterobacteriaceae