Ques: Information:  - The Papal States, officially the State of the Church were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. At their zenith, they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.   - The Republic of Florence , or the Florentine Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Fiorentina ) , was a state that was centered on the city of Florence , located in modern Tuscany , Italy . The republic originated in 1115 , when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of the powerful feudal ruler Margravine Matilda , a woman who controlled vast territories including Florence . The Florentines formed a commune in Matilda 's place . The republic was ruled by a council , known as the signoria . The signoria was chosen by the gonfaloniere ( titular ruler of the city ) , who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members . The republic had a checkered history of coups and counter coups against various factions . The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434 , upon Cosimo de ' Medici 's counter coup against the faction that had sent him into exile the previous year . The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494 . Giovanni de ' Medici ( later Pope Leo X ) re-conquered the republic in 1512 . Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527 , during the War of the League of Cognac . The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531 , after an 11 - month siege of the city . The republican government was disestablished in 1532 , when Pope Clement VII appointed Alessandro de ' Medici `` Duke of the Florentine Republic '' , making the `` republic '' a hereditary monarchy .  - Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily: as a medium of scholarly exchange; as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church; and as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. Despite the clerical origin of many of its authors, medieval Latin should not be confused with Ecclesiastical Latin. There is no real consensus on the exact boundary where Late Latin ends and medieval Latin begins. Some scholarly surveys begin with the rise of early Ecclesiastical Latin in the middle of the 4th century, others around 500, and still others with the replacement of written Late Latin by written Romance languages starting around the year 900.  - The Gonfaloniere was the holder of a highly prestigious communal office in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in Florence and the Papal States. The name derives from "gonfalone", the term used for the banners of such communes.  - A commune (the French word appearing in the 12th century from Medieval Latin "communia", meaning a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin "communis", things held in common) is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, often having common values and beliefs, as well as shared property, possessions, resources, and, in some communes, work and income and assets. In addition to the communal economy, consensus decision-making, non-hierarchical structures and ecological living have become important core principles for many communes. Andrew Jacobs of "The New York Times" wrote that, contrary to popular misconceptions, "most communes of the '90s are not free-love refuges for flower children, but well-ordered, financially solvent cooperatives where pragmatics, not psychedelics, rule the day." There are many contemporary intentional communities all over the world, a list of which can be found at the Fellowship for Intentional Community (FIC).    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'religion' with the subject 'republic of florence'.  Choices: - catholic church  - chalcedonian christianity  - church  - roman catholic
Ans: catholic church

Ques: Information:  - Ingrave is a village in the borough of Brentwood in Essex, England. It is situated on and around the A128 road, 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of the town of Brentwood. Together with the adjoining village of Herongate, it forms the Herongate and Ingrave civil parish.  - A parish is a church territorial unit constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates, and who operates from a parish church. Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor (its association with the parish church remaining paramount).  - A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government.  - The Borough of Brentwood is a local government district and borough in Essex in the East of England.  - In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is an administrative parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish.  - England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.  - West Horndon is a village in the parish of West Horndon in the south of the Brentwood borough of Essex on the boundary with Thurrock and in the East of England. It is located 20 miles (32 km) east north-east of Charing Cross in London.  - Herongate and Ingrave is a civil parish in the Brentwood borough of Essex , England . The parish includes the villages of Ingrave and Herongate .  - The A128 is an A-road in Essex, England.  - Herongate is a village in south Essex, England. The village is situated on the A128 road between Brentwood and West Horndon The population of the village is listed in the civil parish of Herongate and Ingrave.    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'located in the administrative territorial entity' with the subject 'herongate and ingrave'.  Choices: - brentwood  - centre  - east  - east of england  - england  - essex  - isle of wight  - london  - of  - road  - south  - united kingdom  - wales  - west
Ans:
east of england