Problem: Information:  - A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities.  - An organization or organisation (see spelling differences) is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.  - A business (also known as an enterprise, a company or a firm) is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers. Businesses as a form of economic activity are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services to customers in exchange for other goods, services, or money. Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises charged by governments with specific social and economic objectives. A business owned by multiple individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership. Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the various business entities.  - A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as partners, agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner together to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract. Partnership agreements can be formed in the following areas:   - Systems analysis is a problem solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of the studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose `` . According to the Merriam - Webster dictionary , systems analysis is '' the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its goals and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way `` . Analysis and synthesis , as scientific methods , always go hand in hand ; they complement one another . Every synthesis is built upon the results of a preceding analysis , and every analysis requires a subsequent synthesis in order to verify and correct its results . This field is closely related to requirements analysis or operations research . It is also '' an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help someone ( referred to as the decision maker ) identify a better course of action and make a better decision than she might otherwise have made . ``  - A system is a set of interacting or interdependent component parts forming a complex or intricate whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.  - A Company is a legal entity made up of an association of persons, be they natural, legal, or a mixture of both, for carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise. Company members share a common purpose and unite in order to focus their various talents and organize their collectively available skills or resources to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms such as:  - An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or present.  - In sales, commerce and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product or an idea - obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or exchange for money or some other valuable consideration. An ultimate etymology of "client" may imply someone merely "inclined" to do business, whereas a purchaser procures goods or services on occasion but a customer "customarily" or habitually engages in transactions (historically: the collection of tolls or taxes - see the Wiktionary etymology of "customer"). Such distinctions have no contemporary semantic weight.   - Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, is an American company that publishes reference books, especially dictionaries.  - Structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. Abstract structures include data structures in computer science and musical form. Types of structure include a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components that are neighbors in space.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'subclass of'.

A: systems analysis , science


Problem: Information:  - Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American bi-monthly magazine carrying popular science content, which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects. "Popular Science" has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in both 2003 (for General Excellence) and 2004 (for Best Magazine Section). With roots beginning in 1872, "PopSci" has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries.  - A Short History of Nearly Everything by American author Bill Bryson is a popular science book that explains some areas of science , using easily accessible language that appeals more so to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject . It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the United Kingdom , selling over 300,000 copies . A Short History deviates from Bryson 's popular travel book genre , instead describing general sciences such as chemistry , paleontology , astronomy , and particle physics . In it , he explores time from the Big Bang to the discovery of quantum mechanics , via evolution and geology .  - William McGuire "Bill" Bryson (born December 8, 1951) is a best-selling Anglo-American author of books on travel, the English language, science, and other non-fiction topics. Born in the United States, he has been a resident of Britain for most of his adult life, returning to the United States between 1995 and 2003. He served as the chancellor of Durham University from 2005 to 2011.    Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'publication date'.

A:
a short history of nearly everything , 2003