TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
PROBLEM: Context: Columbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college in the state of New York and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying of land. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities, and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree., The Apples in Stereo, styled as The Apples in stereo, are an American rock band associated with Elephant Six Collective, a group of bands also including Neutral Milk Hotel and The Olivia Tremor Control. The band is largely a product of lead vocalist/guitarist/producer Robert Schneider, who writes the majority of the band's music and lyrics. Currently, The Apples in Stereo also includes longstanding members John Hill (rhythm guitar) and Eric Allen (bass), as well as more recent members John Dufilho (drums), John Ferguson (keyboards), and Ben Phelan (keyboards/guitar/trumpet)., Band of Susans was an American noise rock band formed in New York City in 1986. It originally consisted of Robert Poss (guitar/vocals), Susan Stenger (bass/vocals), Ron Spitzer (drums), with Susan Lyall (guitar), Susan Tallman (guitar), and Alva Rogers (vocals). The band would undergo several permutations over the years, usually involving guitarists. Poss, Stenger, and Spitzer were the band's core members throughout its duration., Spacehog is an English-American rock band formed in 1994 in New York City. Its music is heavily influenced by David Bowie, Queen, and T.Rex. The band's best known single is "In the Meantime"., Phish is a band known for musical improvisation, extended jams, blending of genres, and a dedicated fan base. Originating at the University of Vermont in 1983 (with the current line-up solidifying in 1985), the band's four membersTrey Anastasio (guitars, lead vocals), Mike Gordon (bass, vocals), Jon Fishman (drums, percussion, vacuum, vocals), and Page McConnell (keyboards, vocals)performed together for nearly 20 years before going on hiatus from October 7, 2000 to December 31, 2002. They resumed touring from December 31, 2002 until August 15, 2004 when they announced that the Coventry Festival would be their last show. They reunited in March 2009 for a series of three consecutive concerts played in the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia, and have since resumed performing regularly., Jon Fishman (born February 19, 1965) is an American drummer best known for his work with the band Phish. He is credited with co-writing 19 Phish originals, 8 of them as a solo credit., Ernest Joseph "Trey" Anastasio III (born September 30, 1964) is an American guitarist, composer, and vocalist noted for his work with the band Phish, and his solo career, including the Trey Anastasio Band and the orchestral "Evenings with Trey Anastasio" performed with the New York Philharmonic, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Baltimore Symphony, the Pittsburgh Symphony, and the Colorado Symphony., Hampton Coliseum is a multi-purpose arena located in Hampton, Virginia. Construction on the arena began on May 24, 1968, and the venue opened in 1970 as the first large multi-purpose arena in the Hampton Roads region and the state of Virginia, opening a year prior to the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk, Virginia. , Weed Forestin is an album by the American indie rock band, Sebadoh. It was originally self-released by Barlow on cassette in 1987, under the Sentridoh name, the solo home-recording project of American rock musician and Sebadoh member Lou Barlow, and sold at record stores in his native Massachusetts in an approximate run of 100. , Sebadoh is an American indie rock band, currently signed with Joyful Noise Recordings. Sebadoh were formed in 1988 in Northampton, Massachusetts, by Eric Gaffney and Dinosaur Jr bass player Lou Barlow. Along with such bands as Pavement and Guided by Voices, Sebadoh helped pioneer lo-fi music, a style of indie rock characterized by low-fidelity recording techniques, often on four-track machines. The band's early output, such as "The Freed Man" and "Weed Forestin'" (both released 1990), as well as "Sebadoh III" (1991), was typical of this style. After a 14-year recording hiatus, during which time members pursued other projects while occasionally touring as Sebadoh, the group returned in 2013 with the "Secret EP" and a full-length album titled "Defend Yourself", which were both self-recorded. Lead singer Lou Barlow says of the band's resurrected sound, "We kept to ourselves during the recording and didnt have much, if any, outside intervention. That, to my mind, makes it a true Sebadoh record and aligns the style of "Defend Yourself" with our early releases.", John Charles Julian Lennon (born 8 April 1963) is an English musician and photographer. He is the first child of John Lennon with his first wife, Cynthia. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. He has a younger half-brother, Sean Lennon, and a stepsister, Kyoko Chan Cox. Lennon was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon., Rolle is a municipality in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the seat of the district of Rolle until 2006, when it became part of the district of Nyon. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Geneva ("Lac Léman") between Nyon and Lausanne. Rolle is approximately northeast of Geneva (Genève) in the La Côte wine-growing region, and commands spectacular views of the high Alps., Bryce Goggin is a record producer and sound engineer . His career began in the early 1990s working at Baby Monster Studios . He first received note for mixing the album Crooked Rain , Crooked Rain by Pavement . He has since worked with a number of musicians including The Apples in Stereo , Luna , Swans , Evan Dando , Sean Lennon , Sebadoh , Heave , Come , Spacehog , Ramones , The Morning Glories , Band of Susans , Danish band Grand Avenue , Phish , The 45 's , Akron Family , Dylan Connor , The Spring Standards , Lucibel Crater , Bettie Serveert , and cabaret pop group Antony and the Johnsons . In 2013 he mixed This Tree by Leah Coloff one of the first releases in interactive Gralbum format . He won an Independent Music Award , along with Kenny Siegal and Brian Geltner , for Best Music Producer for Johnny Society 's Free Society ., Slanted and Enchanted is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Pavement, released in April 1992 on Matador Records., Sir Elton Hercules John, (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date. In his five-decade career Elton John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive No. 1 US albums, 58 "Billboard" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four No. 2 and nine No. 1. For 31 consecutive years (19702000) he had at least one song in the "Billboard" Hot 100. His tribute single, re-penned in dedication to the late Princess Diana, "Candle in the Wind 1997" sold over 33million copies worldwide and is the best-selling single in the history of the UK and US singles charts. He has also composed music, produced records, and has occasionally acted in films. John owned Watford Football Club from 1976 to 1987, and 1997 to 2002. He is an honorary Life President of the club, and in 2014 had a stand named after him at the club's home stadium., The Olivia Tremor Control is a psychedelic rock band that was prominent in the mid-to-late 1990s. It was, along with The Apples in Stereo and Neutral Milk Hotel, one of the three original projects of The Elephant 6 Recording Company. The band was founded by the remnants of the group Synthetic Flying Machine (Jeff Mangum, Bill Doss, and Will Cullen Hart) in 1994. The band went on hiatus in early 2000, and later reformed in 2009., The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world., Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city proper covers with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States., Lo-fi music (from the term "low fidelity") is lower quality of sound recordings than the usual standard for modern music. The term was adopted in late 1986 by WFMU DJ William Berger, who dedicated a weekly half-hour segment of his program to home recorded music under the name Lo-Fi., Evan Griffith Dando (born March 4, 1967) is an American musician, best known for fronting the Lemonheads. He has also embarked on a solo career and collaborated on songs with various artists. In December 2015 Dando was inducted into the Boston Music Awards Hall of Fame., Hampton is an independent city in Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 137,436., Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade., Page Samuel McConnell (born May 17, 1963 in Philadelphia) is an American multi-instrumentalist most noted for his work as a songwriter and keyboardist for the band Phish. He plays on stage right which is referred to by fans as "Page Side, Rage Side.", Antony and the Johnsons is an American music group presenting the work of Anohni (formerly known as Antony Hegarty) and her collaborators., David Robert Jones (8 January 1947  10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in popular music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. , Joyful Noise Recordings is an independent record label from Indianapolis, Indiana. The label was founded in 2003 in Bloomington, Indiana by Karl Hofstetter, who also played drums on many of the label's first releases. Joyful Noise currently has a roster of 20+ bands of various musical styles, though according to the label, each artist "in one way or another bridges this gap between pop and noise." Along with housing offices and the warehouse of the label, their Fountain Square location hosts live shows and a small record store. , Michael Eliot "Mike" Gordon (born June 3, 1965) is a bass guitar player and vocalist most recognized as a founding member and bassist for the band Phish. In addition to bass, Gordon is an accomplished banjo player, and is proficient at piano and guitar. He is also a filmmaker ("Rising Low", "Outside Out") and author (Mike's Corner). He has released four solo studio albums., Louis Knox Barlow (born July 17, 1966) is an American alternative rock musician and songwriter. A founding member of the groups Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh and The Folk Implosion, Barlow is credited with helping to pioneer the lo-fi style of rock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His first band, in Amherst, Massachusetts, was Deep Wound. Barlow was born in Dayton, Ohio and was raised in Jackson, Michigan and Westfield, Massachusetts., Betty Stöve (born 24 June 1945) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She is best remembered for reaching the ladies' singles final at Wimbledon in 1977. She also won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles., Institut Le Rosey, commonly referred to as Le Rosey or simply Rosey, is a boarding school in Rolle, Switzerland. It was founded by Paul-Émile Carnal in 1880 on the site of the 14th-century Château du Rosey in the town of Rolle in the Canton of Vaud. It is one of the oldest boarding schools in Switzerland., Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain is the second studio album by American indie rock band Pavement. The album, released on February 14, 1994, saw the band move on towards a more accessible rock sound than that of their more lo-fi debut "Slanted and Enchanted" and achieve moderate success with the single "Cut Your Hair". The album also saw original drummer Gary Young replaced by Steve West. It was a UK Top 20 hit upon release, although it was not so successful in the US charts. As of 2007, the album had sold almost 500,000 copies., Eric Gaffney (born December 25, 1967, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American songwriter and recording artist. Eric has been home recording on cassette since 1981, an active participant in the Western Mass Hardcore Scene, 1983-1984, founded, wrote songs for, & drummed with 'Grey Matter,' opening hall shows with Jerry's Kids, F.U.'s, The Big Boys, Raw Power, Adrenalin O.D., Siege, The Outpatients, Pajama Slave Dancers, Cancerous Growth, Zero Mentality, & Chronic Disorder., John Dufilho is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist best known as the lead creative talent behind indie rock band The Deathray Davies. He partnered with Davies bassist Jason Garner and released an eponymous CD in 2002 under the name I Love Math. A second release, "Getting To The Point Is Beside It", followed in 2008. In 2005, Dufilho released his debut self-titled solo album. It was later considered for Grammy nomination., Robert Peter Schneider (born March 9, 1971) is an American pop musician, music producer and mathematician. He is the lead singer / songwriter / guitarist / producer of The Apples in Stereo and has produced albums by Neutral Milk Hotel, The Olivia Tremor Control and a number of other psychedelic and indie rock bands. Schneider co-founded The Elephant 6 Recording Company in 1991., III (or Sebadoh III) is the third album by the American indie rock band, Sebadoh. It was released by Homestead Records in 1991., Ethical Culture Fieldston School (ECFS), known as just Fieldston, is a private, highly selective independent school in New York City. The school is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League. The school serves approximately 1700 students and 325 faculty and staff. Jessica L. Bagby has been the Head of School since June 2016. The school consists of four divisions: Ethical Culture, Fieldston Lower, Fieldston Middle, and Fieldston Upper. Ethical Culture, located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and Fieldston Lower, located on the Fieldston campus in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, serve Pre-K through 5th Grade. The two lower schools feed into Fieldston Middle (grades 68) and Fieldston Upper (grades 912)also located on the Fieldston campus in Riverdale. Ethical Culture is headed by Rob Cousins, Fieldston Lower is headed by George Burns, Fieldston Middle is headed by Chia Chee-Chiu (New Principal), and Fieldston Upper is headed by Robert J. Cairo (Interim Principal). Tuition and fees for ECFS were $43,265 for the 201415 school year., The Lemonheads are an American alternative rock band first formed in 1986 by Evan Dando, Ben Deily, and Jesse Peretz. Dando has remained the band's only constant member., The University of Vermont (UVM), officially The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, is a public research university and, since 1862, the U.S. state of Vermont's sole land-grant university. Founded in 1791, UVM is among the oldest universities in the United States and is the fifth institution of higher education established in the New England region of the northeast U.S., Biography.
Early life and education.
Sean Lennon was born in New York City on October 9, 1975, his father's 35th birthday. He is of Irish, Welsh, and English descent on his father's side, and Japanese descent on his mother's side. Julian Lennon is his half-brother, and Kyoko Chan Cox is his half-sister. Elton John is his godfather. After Sean's birth, John became a house husband, caring for his young son until his death on December 8, 1980. Sean attended kindergarten in Tokyo and was educated at the exclusive private boarding school Institut Le Rosey in Rolle, Switzerland, and earlier at New York's private Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Dalton School. He attended Columbia University for three semesters before dropping out to focus on his music., Rock Band is a series of music video games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS, iOS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems. The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the "Guitar Hero" series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments. Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing into a USB microphone. Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical notes while playing instruments, and by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals., Bettie Serveert are a Dutch indie rock band. Their name translates to "Bettie Serves", or "Service to Bettie", which is the title of a book written by Dutch tennis player Betty Stöve, who made it to the Wimbledon ladies singles final in 1977., Anohni (stylized as ANOHNI; born Antony Hegarty, October 1971) is an English-born singer, composer, and visual artist who resides in the United States. She is best known as the lead singer of the band Antony and the Johnsons., Subject: bryce goggin, Relation: date_of_birth, Options: (A) 1 (B) 100 (C) 137 (D) 14 (E) 140 (F) 15 (G) 17 (H) 1700 (I) 1754 (J) 1787 (K) 1791 (L) 1862 (M) 1880 (N) 19 (O) 1964 (P) 1965 (Q) 1967 (R) 1968 (S) 1970 (T) 1971 (U) 1975 (V) 1977 (W) 1980 (X) 1981 (Y) 1983 (Z) 1985 ([) 1986 (\) 1987 (]) 1988 (^) 1990 (_) 1991 (`) 1992 (a) 1994 (b) 1996 (c) 1999 (d) 2 (e) 20 (f) 2000 (g) 2002 (h) 2003 (i) 2004 (j) 2006 (k) 2008 (l) 2009 (m) 2010 (n) 2013 (o) 24 june 1945 (p) 25 (q) 25 march 1947 (r) 3 (s) 30 (t) 31 (u) 325 (v) 4 (w) 40 (x) 436 (y) 6 (z) 8 ({) 80 (|) april 1963 (}) june 1945 (~) march 1947

SOLUTION: 2000

PROBLEM: Context: The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917. This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries. Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada., Louise Lecavalier , OC ( born October 3 , 1958 ) is a Canadian dancer , known as one of the icons of Canadian contemporary dance . Lecavalier was born and raised in Montreal , Canada . She began her professional dance career at the age of eighteen when she joined Le Groupe Nouvelle Aire . It was there that she met Édouard Lock . Lecavalier became Lock 's main character and inspiration in his company La La La Human Steps . With her mane of platinum dreadlocks , her physical power and her mastery of the full - body barrel jump , which looks like a horizontal pirouette , her image was a signature for the company . She was the perfect embodiment of Lock 's frenetic and technically punishing androgynous aesthetic in works such as Human Sex ( 1985 ) and Infante , c'est destroy ( 1991 ) . She joined La La La Human Steps in 1981 for its production of Oranges and went on to perform in each of the company 's productions up until Salt in 1998 . In 1985 , Louise Lecavalier became the first Canadian to win a Bessie Award in New York for her performance in Businessman in the Process of Becoming an Angel ( 1983 ) . The London Times critic found Lock 's `` extravagant '' play poor but stated that there were `` ... two women who seemed quite skilled at performing various odd dance steps ; the fair - haired one ( Louise Lecavalier ) had a pleasing bravado whenever the production gave her half a chance . '' She danced in Human Sex ( 1985 ) , New Demons ( 1987 ) , Infante , c'est destroy ( 1991 ) and finally , 2 ( 1995 ) and Salt ( 1998 ) . Lecavalier also participated in each of La La La 's major collaborations , including David Bowie 's Sound + Vision Tour in 1990 and Fame ' 90 music video , The Yellow Shark concerts , performed by Frank Zappa and Germany 's Ensemble Modern in Frankfurt , Berlin , and Vienna in 1992 , and the film Inspirations from director Michael Apted in 1996 . In May 1999 , Louise Lecavalier received the Jean A. Chalmers National Award , Canada 's most distinguished dance prize . In 2003 , she appeared with Tedd Robinson in Lula and the Sailor as part of a concert of duets choreographed by Robinson . In the winter of 2005 , she co-produced Cobalt Rouge with the National Arts Centre in Ottawa , the Biennale di Venezia and Théâtre de la Ville in Paris . The work features Lecavalier with dancers Marc Boivin , Masaharu Imazu , and Tedd Robinson , and musician / composer Yannick Rieu . Lecavalier has been a guest teacher at New York University on several occasions and continues to perform as an independent artist . In 2008 , she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . On April 7 , 2010 she was awarded the Order of Canada . On December 7 , 2012 , her piece `` So Blue '' premiered in Düsseldorf . It was her first dance choreography . In May 2014 , Lecavalier received the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement in dance . The award is Canada 's highest honour in the performing arts ., An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon in origin, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke ("hertig"/"hertug"/"hertog"). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to a duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). However, earlier in Scandinavia, "jarl" could also mean a sovereign prince. For example, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway had the title of "jarl" and in many cases they had no less power than their neighbours who had the title of king. Alternative names for the "Earl/Count" rank in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as Hakushaku during the Japanese Imperial era., A knight is a person granted an honorary title of "knighthood" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity. Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Since the early modern period, the title of knight is purely honorific, usually bestowed by a monarch, as in the British honours system, often for non-military service to the country. The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame., Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin., Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which motion, form, or both are specified. "Choreography" may also refer to the design itself. A choreographer is one who creates choreographies by practicing the art of choreography, a process known as "choreographing". Choreography is used in a variety of fields, including musical theater, cheerleading, cinematography, gymnastics, fashion shows, ice skating, marching band, show choir, theatre, synchronized swimming, cardistry, video game production and animated art. In the performing arts, choreography applies to human movement and form. In dance, choreography is also known as dance choreography or "dance composition"., Subject: louise lecavalier, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) canada (B) choreographer (C) duke (D) knight (E) leader (F) member (G) military (H) monarch (I) nobility (J) sovereign

SOLUTION: choreographer

PROBLEM: Context: The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scientific method as "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses". Experiments need to be designed to test hypotheses. The most important part of the scientific method is the experiment., The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism., Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy., A planetary nebula, often abbreviated as PN or plural PNe, is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. The word "nebula" is Latin for mist or cloud, and the term "planetary nebula" is a misnomer that originated in the 1780s with astronomer William Herschel because when viewed through his telescope, these objects resemble the rounded shapes of planets. Herschel's name for these objects was popularly adopted and has not been changed. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years., Human science is the study and interpretation of the experiences, activities, constructs, and artifacts associated with human beings. The study of the human sciences attempts to expand and enlighten the human being's knowledge of their existence, its interrelationship with other species and systems, and the development of artifacts to perpetuate the human expression and thought. It is the study of human phenomena. The study of the human experience is historical and current in nature. It requires the evaluation and interpretation of the historic human experience and the analysis of current human activity to gain an understanding of human phenomena and to project the outlines of human evolution. Human science is the objective, informed critique of human existence and how it relates to reality., An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various colors. The most common source of ionization is high-energy photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them., Pedagogy is the discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education; it thus concerns the study of how best to teach. Spanning a broad range of practice, its aims range from furthering liberal education (the general development of human potential) to the narrower specifics of vocational education (the imparting and acquisition of specific skills)., Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. It in turn has many branches, each of which is considered a "social science". The main social sciences include economics, political science, human geography, demography, and sociology. In a wider sense, social science also includes some fields in the humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, history, and linguistics. The term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the field of sociology, the original 'science of society', established in the 19th century. A more detailed list of sub-disciplines within the social sciences can be found at Outline of social science., Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities., Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community. The learners may be children, college students, or adults within the general public; the field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences., Eric J. Chaisson is an American astrophysicist best known for his research , teaching , and writing on the interdisciplinary science of cosmic evolution , a large public - domain web site for which can be accessed here . ( Closely related subjects include epic of evolution , big history , and astrobiology ) . He is also noted for his telescopic observations of interstellar clouds and emission nebulae of the Milky Way Galaxy , his empirical attempt to unify complexity science utilizing the technical concept of energy rate density , and his global leadership in improving science education nationally and internationally . He conducts research at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and teaches natural science at Harvard University ., A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. , Subject: eric chaisson, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) academic (B) astronomer (C) faculty (D) jurisprudence (E) major (F) pedagogy (G) research (H) science

SOLUTION:
astronomer