Information:  - QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). Previously known as "THE-QS World University Rankings", the publisher had collaborated with "Times Higher Education magazine" ("THE") to publish its international league tables from 2004 to 2009 before both started to announce their own versions. QS then chose to still use the pre-existing methodology while "THE" adopted a new one. The QS system now comprises the global overall and subject rankings, alongside five independent regional tables (Asia, Latin America, Emerging Europe and Central Asia, the Arab Region, and BRICS). It is the only international ranking to have received International Ranking Expert Group (IREG) approval, and is viewed as one of the most widely read of its kind, along with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "Times Higher Education World University Rankings". However, allocating undue weight to subjective indicators and having highly fluctuating results are its major criticisms.  - Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as Shanghai Ranking, is an annual publication of university rankings by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiaotong University in 2003, the first global ranking with multifarious indicators, after which a board of international advisories was established to provide suggestions. The publication currently includes world's overall and subject league tables, alongside independent regional "Greater China Ranking" and "Macedonian HEIs Ranking". ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university measures, alongside "QS World University Rankings" and "Times Higher Education World University Rankings".  It is praised for its objective methodology but draws some condemnation for narrowly focusing on raw research power, undermining humanities and quality of instruction.  - The University of Turku (in Finnish "Turun yliopisto", in Swedish "Åbo universitet", shortened in UTU), located in Turku in southwestern Finland (EU), is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment, after University of Helsinki. It was established in 1920 and also has faculties at Rauma, Pori and Salo. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group.  - The University of Oulu is one of the largest universities in Finland, located in the city of Oulu. It was founded on July 8, 1958. The university has around 16,000 students and 3,000 staff. Along with the University of Turku, it is ranked in the Academic Ranking of World Universities as the second best university in Finland and ranked between 201and 301 worldwide in the QS World University Rankings.   - Pekka Lars Kalervo Sammallahti ( Inari Sami : Sevtil - Piäkká , May 21 , 1947 in Helsinki ) is a professor of Sámi languages at the Giellagas Institute at the University of Oulu . A prolific writer , he has published more than 100 books and articles related to Sápmi and the various Sámi languages . Sammallahti has also been a driving force in the work done to create official written languages for a number of Sámi languages . He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters . He is the only brother of photographer Pentti Sammallahti .    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'pekka sammallahti' exhibits the relationship of 'languages spoken or written'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - finnish  - latin  - macedonian
finnish

(Q).
Information:  - Eric John Wilson ( born February 21 , 1970 ) , is the former bass player for Sublime ( 1988 -- 1996 ) and also bassist for Long Beach Dub Allstars ( 1997 -- 2002 ) . He was the bassist for the band Long Beach Shortbus which was composed of several members of Long Beach Dub Allstars and Sublime . Since 2009 , Wilson has been the bassist for Sublime with Rome , a reunited version of Sublime with a new singer .  - Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term "reggae" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.  - Long Beach Shortbus was a reggae-influenced punk band from Long Beach, California. The band consists of four regular members: RAS-1 (lead vocals and guitar), Trey Pangborn (guitar), Eric Wilson (bass guitar) and Damion Ramirez (drums). Shortbus originated as a side project of RAS-1 and Eric Wilson, eventually taking shape after the Long Beach Dub Allstars disbanded in 2002.  - The Long Beach Dub Allstars are a dub/ska/rock band formed in 1997 and disbanded in 2002, but reformed 10 years later.  - Ska (Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off-beat. Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs. Some suggest ska dates to earlier times, however. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'eric wilson ' exhibits the relationship of 'instrument'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - bass  - bass guitar  - guitar  - percussion instrument
(A).
bass guitar