Information:  - The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, C-64, C= 64, or occasionally CBM 64 or VIC-64 in Sweden, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International. It is listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest-selling single computer model of all time, with independent estimates placing the number sold between 10 and 17 million units. Volume production started in early 1982, marketing in August for . Preceded by the Commodore VIC-20 and Commodore PET, the C64 took its name from its of RAM. It had superior sound and graphical specifications compared to other earlier systems such as the Apple II and Atari 800, with multi-color sprites and a more advanced sound processor.  - The PAL region (PAL being short for Phase Alternating Line) is a television publication territory that covers most of Asia, Africa, Europe, South America and Oceania. It is so named because of the PAL television standard traditionally used in those regions, as opposed to the NTSC standard traditionally used in Japan and nearly all of North America.  - The Atari 8-bit family is a series of 8-bit home computers introduced by Atari, Inc. in 1979 and manufactured until 1992. All of the machines in the family are technically similar, and differ primarily in packaging. They are based on the MOS Technology 6502 CPU running at 1.79 MHz, and were the first home computers designed with custom co-processor chips. This architecture allowed the Atari designs to offer graphics and sound capabilities that were more advanced than contemporary machines like the Apple II or Commodore PET, and gaming on the platform was a major draw. "Star Raiders" is widely considered the platform's killer app.  - The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch. Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012. Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013. Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.  - The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.  - International Karate is a karate fighting game created and published by System 3 for various home computers.  - Mark Cerny (born August 24, 1964) is an American video game designer, programmer, producer and business executive. As president of Cerny Games, which he founded in 1998, he now acts as a consultant in the video game industry. In 2004, he was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Game Developers Association, and was later inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame in 2010. In the mid 2010s, Cerny served as the lead architect and producer of Sony's PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita video game consoles.  - Dropzone is a shoot 'em up video game developed by Archer Maclean (under the name Arena Graphics) and published in 1984 by U.S. Gold. It was released for the Atari 8-bit family and Commodore 64, then later ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Game Gear and Game Boy Color. It was Maclean's first commercial game.  - The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.  - Archer MacLean (born 28 January 1962) is a British video game programmer. He is the author of "Dropzone" and "International Karate", which he developed for the Atari 8-bit family but were ported to other systems. Archer also created the sequel to International Karate, "IK+" which was developed for the Commodore 64 and ported to other systems. He is also known for his series of snooker and pool games, which commenced with "Jimmy White's Whirlwind Snooker" in 1991 (that was originally called 147 ).  - Marble Madness is an arcade video game designed by Mark Cerny and published by Atari Games in 1984. The player uses a trackball to guide an onscreen marble through six obstacle-filled courses within a time limit. "Marble Madness" was Atari's first game to use the Atari System 1 hardware and to be programmed in the C programming language. It was also one of the first games to use true stereo sound; previous games used either monaural sound or simulated stereo.  - A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, one is required to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct solution of the puzzle. There are different types of puzzles for different ages, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, or logic puzzles.  - Atari Games Corporation was an American producer of arcade games. It was originally the coin-operated arcade game division of Atari, Inc. and was split off into its own company in 1984.  - Crossword Puzzle was a 1973 album by The Partridge Family. It was the group's second-to-last album, and was not one of their most popular albums. It was released in 1973 and did not produce a U.S. single. "Sunshine" was released as a single in Japan. This album was released on CD in 2003 on Arista's BMG Heritage label. The album has an actual crossword puzzle on the front of it, with Shirley Jones at the left and David Cassidy at the right.  - Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.  - Archer Maclean 's Mercury is a video game for the PlayStation Portable , first released in April 2005 in North America . In Japan , the game was released under the name ( Hg ) Hydrium . Mercury is a puzzle game developed by the eponymous British game programmer , Archer MacLean . In Mercury , the player tilts a level in order to get a drop of mercury to its appointed destination , in a similar fashion to Marble Madness . Differences include newer obstacles and the ability for the mercury to morph , split and transform around the levels . The game was originally designed to use a tilt sensor that plugged into the PSP 's USB port , but this was never released .    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'archer maclean's mercury' exhibits the relationship of 'publisher'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - arena  - atari  - atari , inc .  - commodore international  - europe  - japan  - nintendo  - north america  - ntsc  - pal region  - samsung  - sony  - system 3  - the academy
europe