Information:  - Göttingen (; Low German: "Chöttingen") is a university city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The River Leine runs through the town. In 2011 the population was 116,052.  - Herzberg am Harz is a town in the Göttingen district of Lower Saxony, Germany.  - The Lonau is a roughly 3.5 km long ( from Lonau ) tributary of the Sieber . It starts in Lonau , formed by the confluence of the Große and Kleine Lonau . It then flows in a southerly ( intermittently in a south - southwesterly ) direction to Herzberg am Harz , where it discharges into the Sieber after the Lonau Waterfall .  - Lonau is a small village with a population of about 345 situated at an elevation of about 400m in the Harz Mountains of Northern Germany. Besides the clean air and lush forests, it is famous for the capercaillie. It belongs to the city of Herzberg am Harz which is about 4 km to the south. The river Lonau starts here at the confluence of the Große and Kleine Lonau.  - The Harz is the highest mountain range in Northern Germany and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name "Harz" derives from the Middle High German word "Hardt" or "Hart" (mountain forest), Latinized as "Hercynia". The legendary Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with a height of above sea level. The Wurmberg is the highest peak located entirely within Lower Saxony.  - Lower Saxony is a German state ("Bundesland") situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with , and fourth in population (8 million) among the sixteen "Länder" of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'lonau '.  Choices: - area  - city  - confluence  - elevation  - mountain range  - name  - population  - river  - sea  - state  - terrain  - the city  - town  - university  - variety  - village  - word
river

Ques:Information:  - A fighter pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.  - The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other parts of the Commonwealth of Nations, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat.  - The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force. Formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world. Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as, at the time, the largest air force in the world. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history, in particular, playing a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain.  - The Commonwealth of Nations (formerly the British Commonwealth), also known as simply The Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 52 member states that were mostly territories of the former British Empire. The Commonwealth operates by intergovernmental consensus of the member states, organised through the Commonwealth Secretariat and non-governmental organisations, organised through the Commonwealth Foundation.  - Air Vice Marshal Edgar James Kingston - McCloughry CB , CBE , DSO , DFC & Bar ( 10 September 1896 -- 15 November 1972 ) , born Edgar James McCloughry , was an Australian fighter pilot and flying ace of the First World War , and a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . He shot down 21 aircraft and military balloons during the former war , making him the 6th highest - scoring Australian ace . He was also awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar as well as being Mentioned in Despatches . McCloughry joined the Australian Imperial Force in 1914 , and served as a military engineer in Egypt and France before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps ( RFC ) in December 1916 . He graduated from flying training in August 1917 and was posted to 23 Squadron RFC on the Western Front . He was seriously injured in a crash shortly thereafter and , after recovering in hospital , was reassigned as a flight instructor . He was reassigned again in the summer of 1918 to the Australian Flying Corps ( AFC ) . He scored most of his victories there in the last few months of the war . McCloughry left the AFC in August 1919 and pursued a career as an engineer in the United Kingdom before joining the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) in 1922 . He served there in a strategy - planning capacity through the Second World War . In 1940 , under the influence of Lord Beaverbrook , he circulated an series of anonymous memos which were highly critical of senior RAF figures ; in response , he was posted to South Africa , but the fallout continued and by the end of the year the Chief of the Air Staff and several other commanders had been replaced . He retired from the RAF in 1953 as an air vice marshal , and died in 1972 in Edinburgh .  - The Battle of Britain (German: "die Luftschlacht um England", literally "Air battle for England") was a combat of the Second World War, when the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) attacks from the end of June 1940. It is described as the first major campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise its duration as from 10 July until 31 October 1940 that overlaps with the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, while German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard it as a campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941.  - The Central Powers , consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria  hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance  was one of the two main factions during World War I (191418). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente, after which it was dissolved.  - A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft, conducted at close range. Dogfighting first appeared during World War I, shortly after the invention of the airplane. Until at least 1992, it was a component in every major war, despite beliefs after World War II that increasingly greater speeds and longer range weapons would make dogfighting obsolete. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat maneuvering (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'conflict' with the subject 'edgar mccloughry'.  Choices: - battle of britain  - british empire  - world war  - world war i  - world war ii

Ans:
world war i