In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
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Question: Context: Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. State-enforced laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or established by judges through precedent, normally in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people., Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary., A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal agreement. Contract is a branch of the law of obligations in jurisdictions of the civil law tradition. Contract law concerns the rights and duties that arise from agreements. , A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a state, city or country. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. Statutes are rules made by legislative bodies; they are distinguished from case law or precedent, which is decided by courts, and regulations issued by government agencies. Statute law is written by a government's legislative body and signed into law by its executive., Harmodius (Greek: , "Harmódios") and Aristogeiton (, "Aristogeíton"; both died 514 BC) were two men from ancient Athens. They became known as the Tyrannicides (, "tyrannoktonoi") after they killed the Peisistratid tyrant Hipparchus, and were the preeminent symbol of democracy to ancient Athenians., A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. "constitute", what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a "written" constitution; if they are written down in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a "codified" constitution. Some constitutions (such as the constitution of the United Kingdom) are uncodified, but written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties., Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges, courts, and similar tribunals, stated in decisions that nominally decide individual cases but that in addition have precedential effect on future cases. Common law is a third branch of law, in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process, and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch. In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision (a principle known as "stare decisis"). If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (called a "matter of first impression"), judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue (one party or the other has to win, and on disagreements of law, judges make that decision). Resolution of the issue in one case becomes precedent that binds future courts. "Stare decisis", the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems., Leptines ( Greek :  ) was an Athenian orator . He is known as the proposer of a law that no Athenian , whether citizen or resident alien ( with the sole exception of the descendants of Harmodius and Aristogeiton ) , should be exempt from the public charges ( leitourgiai ) for the state festivals . The object was to provide funds for the festivals and public spectacles at a time when both the treasury and the citizens generally were short of money . It was further asserted that many of the recipients of immunity were really unworthy of it . Against this law Demosthenes delivered ( 354 BC ) his well - known speech `` Against Leptines '' in support of the proposal of Ctesippus that all the cases of immunity should be carefully investigated . Great stress is laid on the reputation for ingratitude and breach of faith which the abolition of immunities would bring upon the state . Besides , the law itself had been passed unconstitutionally , for an existing law confirmed these privileges , and by the constitution of Solon no law could be enacted until any existing law which it contravened had been repealed . The law was probably condemned . Nothing further is known of Leptines . See the edition of the speech by JE Sandys ( 1890 ) ., Politics (from Greek: Politiká: P"olitika", definition "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance  organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (a usually hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities., A tyrant (Greek , "tyrannos"), in its modern English usage, is an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or person, or one who has usurped legitimate sovereignty. Often described as a cruel character, a tyrant defends his position by oppressive means, tending to control almost everything in the state. The original Greek term, however, merely meant an authoritarian sovereign without reference to character, bearing no pejorative connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, it was clearly a negative word to Plato, a Greek philosopher, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, its negative connotations only increased, continuing into the Hellenistic period. , A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups., Tyrannicide is the killing or assassination of a tyrant or unjust ruler, usually for the common good, 
and usually by one of the tyrant's subjects., Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:, History (from Greek , "historia", meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians., In legal systems based on common law, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts . Common law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis. Black's Law Dictionary defines "precedent" as a "rule of law established for the first time by a court for a particular type of case and thereafter referred to in deciding similar cases." Common law precedent is a third kind of law, on equal footing with statutory law (statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies), and Delegated legislation (in U.K. parlance) or regulatory law (in U.S. parlance) (regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies)., A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country. The "executive orders" made by the President of the United States, for example, are decrees (although a decree is not exactly an order). In non-legal English usage, however, the term refers to any authoritarian decision., Economics (, ) is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term "economics" comes from the Ancient Greek from (', pronounced "eekos", "house") and (', "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house (hold for good management)". 'Political economy' was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested "economics" as a shorter term for "economic science" to establish itself as a separate discipline outside of political science and other social sciences., Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.
Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, being regarded as established pillars of society and culture, and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy", "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived"., Jurisdiction (from the Latin "ius, " meaning "law" and "" meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law., A system is a set of interacting or interdependent component parts forming a complex or intricate whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning., Subject: leptines, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) athens (B) court (C) legal (D) made (E) of (F) plato (G) republic (H) stanford (I) tradition (J) united kingdom

Answer: athens


Question: Context: SEAT, S.A. ("Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo") is a Spanish automobile manufacturer with its head office in Martorell, Spain. It was founded on May 9, 1950, by the "Instituto Nacional de Industria" (INI), a state-owned industrial holding company., Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection., Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encompassing the Federal District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it Brazil's 4th most populous city. Among major Latin American cities, Brasília has the highest GDP per capita at., A federal capital is a political entity, often a municipality or capital city, that enjoys status as a seat of government in a federal state. A federal capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of its respective government, where its location and relationship to subnational states are fixed by law or federal constitution. Federal capitals may or may not be considered states in themselves, and either exercise significant political autonomy from the federation or are directly ruled by the national government located within their premises, as federal districts., The Monumental Axis ( `` Eixo Monumental '' in Portuguese ) is a central avenue in Brasília 's city design . The avenue begins on the National Congress of Brazil building and is considered part of the DF - 002 road . Its first section is known as `` Ministries Esplanade '' ( `` Esplanada dos Ministérios '' ) , as it is surrounded by ministries buildings . Many important government buildings , monuments and memorials are located on the Monumental Axis . A common urban legend persists that the Monumental Axis is the widest road in the world , where `` ( 100 to 160 ) cars can drive side by side '' . This is untrue , as the road consists of two avenues with six lanes on either side ; a total of twelve lanes . However , the street has been featured in the Guinness Book of Records as having the widest central reservation of a dual carriageway in the world . On April 21 , 2008 , a year before they formally broke up , the Mexican pop group RBD performed a free concert to a crowd of 500,000 on the Monumental Axis during Empezar Desde Cero Tour 2008 . The show was to celebrate the 48th Anniversary of the founding of Brasilia . It was recorded and released as a DVD titled Live in Brasilia . The crowd in attendance was the largest for which the group had performed ., The Brazilian Highlands or Brazilian Plateau are an extensive geographical region, covering most of the eastern, southern and central portions of Brazil, in all approximately half of the country's land area, or some 4,500,000 km² (1,930,511 sq mi). In addition, the vast majority of Brazil's population (190,755,799; "2010 census") lives in the highlands or on the narrow coastal region immediately adjacent to it., Subject: monumental axis, Relation: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity, Options: (A) basin (B) brasília (C) brazil (D) central (E) chile (F) ecuador (G) española (H) federal district (I) forest (J) most (K) of (L) spain (M) western region

Answer: federal district


Question: Context: Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea., Rikishi () is the Japanese term for a professional sumo wrestler. The two kanji characters that make up the word are "strength/power" and "gentleman/samurai"; consequently, and more idiomatically, 'a gentleman of strength'. This is reflective of the strength and toughness expected of a sumo wrestler and the gentleman samurai image still afforded to sumo wrestlers who have continued into modern times to dress as the samurai of old., The calls a professional sumo wrestler, or "rikishi", to the "dohy" (wrestling ring) immediately prior to his bout. He does this by calling the name of each wrestler fighting in turn whilst holding a traditional folding fan., The is the body that operates and controls professional sumo wrestling in Japan under the jurisdiction of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. "Rikishi" (active wrestlers), "gyji" (referees), "tokoyama" (hairdressers), and "yobidashi" (ushers/handymen), are all on the Association's payroll, but the organisation is run entirely by "toshiyori" (elders). The organization has its headquarters in Yokoami, Sumida, Tokyo., Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy., Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government. Tokyo is in the Kant region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the ., A ritual "is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence." Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community. Rituals are characterized but not defined by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, and performance., Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. , Sadanoyama Shinmatsu (   , born February 18 , 1938 as Shinmatsu Sasada ) is a former sumo wrestler from Nagasaki Prefecture , Japan . He was the sport 's 50th yokozuna . After his retirement he was the head coach of Dewanoumi stable and served as head of the Japan Sumo Association ., China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower., A tokoyama () is a hairdresser employed by the Japan Sumo Association to cut and prepare sumo wrestlers' hair, which is done in a "chonmage" style. The Sumo Association ranks them according to experience and ability and only the most senior "tokoyama" are entitled to prepare the more ornate "oicho", or ginkgo leaf form of topknot, which "sekitori" ranked wrestlers wear in their bouts and on other formal occasions. It may not seem to the casual observer that such a position is necessary, but the elaborate hairstyle of sumo wrestlers, especially "sekitori", combined with the combative nature of sumo bouts and sumo practice make it necessary for these professionals to be on hand to maintain the topknots as they are expected to look., The sport originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally. It is generally considered a "gendai bud" (a modern Japanese martial art), but this definition is misleading, as the sport has a history spanning many centuries.
Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification, from the days when sumo was used in the Shinto religion. Life as a wrestler is highly regimented, with rules regulated by the Japan Sumo Association. Most sumo wrestlers are required to live in communal sumo training stables, known in Japanese as "heya", where all aspects of their daily livesfrom meals to their manner of dressare dictated by strict tradition., A Gyji () is a referee in professional sumo wrestling in Japan., The demotion of Futen to the "makushita" division in July 2010 left the stable without any "sekitori" (wrestlers in the salaried divisions) for the first time since 1898. This continued until Dewahayate was promoted to the "juryo" division for the November 2014 tournament (in which he managed only 5 wins and was immediately demoted). In January 2015 the stable saw ex-"maegashira" Towanoyama announce his retirement, leaving Dewaotori and the 44-year-old Dewanosato, with four tournament in "juryo" between them, as the only other wrestlers apart from Dewahayate with any "sekitori" experience. However shortly afterwards the stable recruited former amateur "yokozuna" Mitakeumi who quickly made "juryo" in July 2015 and the top "makuuchi" division in January 2016. , A sekitori () is a "rikishi" (sumo wrestler) who is ranked in one of the top two professional divisions: "makuuchi" and "jry". 
The name literally translates to having taken the barrier, as only a relatively small fraction of those who enter professional sumo achieve "sekitori" status., Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Subject: sadanoyama shinmatsu, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) emperor (B) hairdresser (C) major (D) ministry (E) referee (F) religion (G) religious (H) rikishi (I) saint (J) sovereign (K) taiwan

Answer:
rikishi