In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).

Ex Input:
Context: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection., A department store or magazine is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as "departments". In modern major cities, the department store made a dramatic appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits, and the definition of service and luxury. Similar developments were under way in London (with Whiteleys), in Paris ("Le Bon Marché" in 1852) and in New York (with Stewart's)., The Woodlands is a master-planned community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas in the metropolitan area. According to The Woodlands Development Company, the population was 107,769 , an increase of 93.7% over its population of 55,649 at the 2000 census., Samuel Moore "Sam" Walton (March 29, 1918  April 5, 1992) was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club., Sam's West, Inc. (doing business as Sam's Club) is an American chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs owned and operated by Walmart, founded in 1983 and named after Walmart founder Sam Walton. , Sam's Club chain serves 47 million U.S. (including Puerto Rico) members and is the 8th largest U.S. retailer. , Sam's Club ranks second in sales volume among warehouse clubs with $56.828 billion in sales (in fiscal year 2016) behind Costco, despite the fact that Sam's has more retail locations., The Kroger Company, or simply Kroger, is an American retailing company founded by Bernard Kroger in 1883 in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the United States's largest supermarket chain by revenue ($109.83 billion for fiscal year 2015), the second-largest general retailer (behind Walmart) and the twenty-third largest company in the United States. Kroger is also the third-largest retailer in the world. , Kroger operates, either directly or through its subsidiaries, 2,778 supermarkets and multi-department stores. Kroger's headquarters are in downtown Cincinnati. It maintains markets in 34 states, with store formats that include supermarkets, superstores, department stores, 786 convenience stores, and 326 jewelry stores. Kroger-branded grocery stores are located in the Midwestern and Southern United States. Kroger operates 37 food processing or manufacturing facilities, 1,360 supermarket fuel centers and 2,122 pharmacies., History.
The group was established in December 1946, and was formed in 1956 by Seibu Department Stores, a group company of Seibu Railway. In 1980, Seiyu launched its private brand "Mujirushi-Ryhin" (commonly known as MUJI outside Japan). MUJI was transferred to Ryohin-Keikaku in 1990, and is no longer part of Seiyu., Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retailing corporation that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. , Walmart has 11,666 stores and clubs in 28countries, under a total of 63banners. The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada. It operates as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India. It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, and Canada. It also owns and operates the Sam's Club retail warehouses., Woodforest National Bank is a privately held bank headquartered in The Woodlands , Texas . As of March 2013 , it had more than 788 branches in 17 different states . Woodforest National bank is Walmart 's largest retail partner . Woodforest has a few branches that are open 24 hours a day and 364 days of the year . Woodforest National Bank also partners with Sam 's Club and Kroger in a few states . In addition to regular accounts , Woodforest National Bank offers `` second chance '' checking accounts for customers who have not remained in good standing with ChexSystems , albeit with higher fees and a much longer probation period than PNC Bank as of March 2012 . In addition to a second chance checking account for consumers , Woodforest National Bank also offers a second chance business account . In the summer of 2013 , Woodforest National bank launched a merchant services device that attaches to cellular phones called Cell It . In March of 2013 , Woodforest National Bank and Western Union reached a deal to provide money transferring services globally at Woodforest National Bank Locations ., Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio that serves as county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the north side of the confluence of the Licking with the Ohio River. With a population of 298,550, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and the 65th-largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan statistical area is the 28th-largest in the United States and the largest centered in Ohio. The city is also part of the larger CincinnatiMiddletownWilmington combined statistical area, which had a population of 2,172,191 in the 2010 census., Asda Stores Ltd. is a British supermarket retailer, headquartered in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The company was founded in 1965 when the supermarket owning Asquith family merged with the Associated Dairies company of Yorkshire. It expanded in to the south of England during the Seventies and Eighties, and acquired Allied Carpets, Gateway Supermarkets and other businesses, such as MFI, then during the Nineties, sold off its acquisitions to concentrate on the supermarkets. It became a subsidiary of the American retail corporate giant Walmart after a £6.7 billion takeover in July 1999, and was the second-largest supermarket chain in Britain between 2003 and 2014, by market share., India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad., Walmart's Mexico division, the largest outside the U.S. as of December 31, 2016, consists of 2,402 stores around the country, including 259 Walmart Supercenters stores and 160 Sam's Club stores. It has been traded in the Mexican Stock Exchange since 1977 (as Cifra). Wal-Mart de México y Centroamérica is the biggest retailer in Latin America., The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union., A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody)., A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such as cities, towns, and villages for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated small community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, colonias located along the U.S. border with Mexico, and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs., Bentonville is the tenth-largest city in Arkansas and the county seat of Benton County. The city is centrally located in the county with Rogers adjacent to the east. The city is the headquarters of Walmart, which is the world's largest retailer. Originally named Osage after the Osage Indians who hunted in the area when white settlers first moved to the area in 1837, the community was renamed to Bentonville in 1843 in honor of Missouri politician Thomas Hart Benton and was first incorporated on April 3, 1873. It is one of the four main cities in the four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city itself had a population of 35,301 at the 2010 Census, with an estimated population of 40,167 in 2013., In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full groceries lines and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip. The term "hypermarket" was coined in 1968 by French trade expert Jacques Pictet., Ohio is an Eastern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus., Bernard Henry Kroger (January 24, 1860  July 21, 1938), better known as Barney Kroger, was an American businessman who created the Kroger chain of supermarkets starting in 1883., Subject: woodforest national bank, Relation: inception, Options: (A) 1 (B) 17 (C) 1788 (D) 1837 (E) 1843 (F) 1852 (G) 1883 (H) 1918 (I) 1962 (J) 1965 (K) 1968 (L) 1969 (M) 1980 (N) 1983 (O) 1990 (P) 1992 (Q) 1999 (R) 2 (S) 2000 (T) 2010 (U) 2013 (V) 2016 (W) 24 (X) 29 (Y) 5 (Z) 50 ([) 55 (\) 550 (]) 7 (^) december 1946 (_) july 1999

Ex Output:
1980


Ex Input:
Context: A stepper is a device used in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs) that is similar in operation to a slide projector or a photographic enlarger. Steppers are an essential part of the complex process, called photolithography, that creates millions of microscopic circuit elements on the surface of tiny chips of silicon. These chips form the heart of ICs such as computer processors, memory chips, and many other devices., Pentax () is a brand name used primarily by Ricoh Imaging Company for cameras, sport optics (including binoculars and rifle scopes), and CCTV optics. The brand is also used by Hoya Corporation for medical products & services, TI Asahi for surveying instruments, and Seiko Optical Products for certain optical lenses., A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically., The Nikon F camera, introduced in April 1959, was Nikon's first SLR camera. It was one of the most advanced cameras of its day. Although many of the concepts had already been introduced elsewhere, it was revolutionary in that it was the first to combine them all in one camera. It was produced until October 1973 and was replaced by the quite similar Nikon F2. Aspects of its design remain in all of Nikon's subsequent SLR cameras, through the current Nikon F6 film and Nikon D5 digital models (which still share its Nikon F-mount for lenses). The "F" in Nikon F was selected by Nippon Kogaku from the letter F of the name of the designer of the bayonet mount, Mr. Fuketa. That tradition was carried all the way through their top line of Nikon cameras until the introduction of the Nikon D1 (digital) cameras decades later., Large format refers to any imaging format of 4×5 inches (102×127 mm) or larger. Large format is larger than "medium format", the 6×6 cm (2×2 inch) or 6×9 cm (2×3 inch) size of Hasselblad, Rollei, Kowa, and Pentax cameras (using 120- and 220-roll film), and much larger than the 24×36 mm (~ 1.0x1.5 inch) frame of 35 mm format.
The main advantage of large format, film or digital, is higher resolution at the same pixel pitch, or same resolution with more larger pixels or grain. A 4×5 inch image has about 16 times the area, and thus 16× the total resolution, of a 35 mm frame., 35 mm film (millimeter) is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography (see 135 film). The name of the gauge refers to the width of the photographic film, which consists of strips 34.98 ±0.03 mm (1.377 ±0.001 inches) wide. The standard negative pulldown for movies ("single-frame" format) is four perforations per frame along both edges, which results in 16 frames per foot of film. For still photography, the standard frame has eight perforations on each side., A microscope (from the , "mikrós", "small" and , "skopeîn", "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope., , formerly known as , is a Japanese multinational electronics corporation headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan., Nikonos Calypso is the name of a series of 35mm format cameras specifically designed for underwater photography launched by Nikon in 1963. The early Nikonos cameras were improvements of the Calypso camera, which was an original design by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Belgian engineer Jean de Wouters, Binoculars or field glasses are binocular telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal mounted military models., Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL., Its products include cameras, camera lenses, binoculars, microscopes, ophthalmic lenses, measurement instruments, rifle scopes, spotting scopes, and the steppers used in the photolithography steps of semiconductor fabrication, of which it is the world's second largest manufacturer. The companies held by Nikon form the Nikon Group. Among its products are Nikkor imaging lenses (for F-mount cameras, large format photography, photographic enlargers, and other applications), the Nikon F-series of 35 mm film SLR cameras, the Nikon D-series of digital SLR cameras, the Coolpix series of compact digital cameras, and the Nikonos series of underwater film cameras. Nikon's main competitors in camera and lens manufacturing include Canon, Sony, Fujifilm, Panasonic, Pentax, and Olympus., , better known as Fujifilm or simply Fuji, stylized as FUJiFILM, is a Japanese multinational photography and imaging company headquartered in Tokyo., Photolithography, also termed optical lithography or UV lithography, is a process used in microfabrication to pattern parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate. It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical "photoresist", or simply "resist," on the substrate. A series of chemical treatments then either engraves the exposure pattern into, or enables deposition of a new material in the desired pattern upon, the material underneath the photo resist. For example, in complex integrated circuits, a modern CMOS wafer will go through the photolithographic cycle up to 50 times., Nikkor is the brand of lenses produced by Nikon Corporation, including camera lenses for the Nikon F-mount., The 70 - 300mm lens is a telephoto zoom lens made by Nikon . The lens has an F - mount to work with all the SLRs line of cameras ( except the early 70 - 300G with the D40 ) . The lens comes in four different versions : AF f / 4 - 5.6G AF f / 4 - 5.6D AF f / 4 - 5.6D ED AF - S f / 4.5 - 5.6G IF - ED It is the successor of the 70 - 210 lens , which targets the prosumer market , one grade lower than 80 - 200mm with large aperture . Introduced in August 2006 , the current incarnation of the lens ( AF - S VR f / 4.5 - 5.6G IF - ED ) improves on the original with VR stabilization technology as well as with internally focusing components ( IF ) . More expensive than its partner 55 - 200mm lens , its construction is similar , with the exterior shell being fabricated from plastic components . It also shares a similarly stiff zoom ring with the 55 - 200mm , although a side benefit of this is that zoom creep is eliminated . Unlike the 55 - 200 , the 70 - 300mm lens is full - frame . Also , the longer barrel length allowed the focus ring to be relocated in front of the zoom ring , making manual focus operations simpler ., Measurement is the assignment of a number to a characteristic of an object or event, which can be compared with other objects or events. The scope and application of a measurement is dependent on the context and discipline. In the natural sciences and engineering, measurements do not apply to nominal properties of objects or events, which is consistent with the guidelines of the "International vocabulary of metrology" published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. However, in other fields such as statistics as well as the social and behavioral sciences, measurements can have multiple levels, which would include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales., Subject: nikon f 70-300mm lens, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) application (B) april (C) area (D) brand (E) camera (F) camera lens (G) canon (H) chemical (I) company (J) complex (K) computer (L) corporation (M) day (N) device (O) eight (P) electronics (Q) event (R) field (S) film (T) format (U) four (V) instrument (W) letter (X) line (Y) lithography (Z) manufacturer ([) manufacturing (\) material (]) measurement (^) microscope (_) motion (`) name (a) negative (b) network (c) object (d) october (e) operation (f) parent company (g) part (h) pattern (i) photography (j) point (k) process (l) revolutionary (m) rifle (n) series (o) side (p) single (q) size (r) statistics

Ex Output:
camera lens


Ex Input:
Context: Spynie Palace, also known as Spynie Castle, was the fortified seat of the Bishops of Moray for about 500 years. The founding of the palace dates back to the late 12th Century. It is situated about 500m from the location of the first officially settled Cathedral Church of the Diocese of Moray, in present-day Spynie Churchyard. For most of its occupied history, the castle was not described as a "palace"  this term first appeared in the Registry of Moray in a writ of 1524., The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (c. 10011300). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500., Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: "Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim"; modern Gaelic: "Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim"; c. 1078  23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death., France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux., The Chaldean Catholic Church ("dtha kaldetha qthuliqetha"; Arabic:   "al-Kansa al-kaldniyya") is an Eastern Syriac particular church of the Catholic Church, under the Holy See of the Catholicos-Patriarch of Babylon, maintaining full communion with the Bishop of Rome and the rest of the Catholic Church. The Chaldean Catholic Church presently comprises around 500,000 people. Most Chaldo-Assyrians live in northern Iraq, with smaller numbers in adjacent areas in northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, a region roughly corresponding with what was Assyria between the 25th century BC and mid-7th century AD. There are also Chaldeans in the diaspora, primarily in the American states of Michigan, Illinois and California., David I or Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: "Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim";  24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (11131124) and later King of the Scots (11241153). The youngest son of Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) and Margaret of Wessex, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I. There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court., Anagni is an ancient town and "comune" in Frosinone Province, Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome. It is a historical center in Ciociaria., Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, it is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh, 492,680 for the local authority area, and 1,339,380 for the city region as of 2014 (Edinburgh lies at the heart of the proposed Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region). Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London., The Bishop of Moray or Bishop of Elgin was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Moray in northern Scotland, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics. If the foundation charter of the monastery at Scone is reliable, then the Bishopric of Moray was in existence as early as the reign of King Alexander I of Scotland (11071124), but was certainly in existence by 1127, when one Gregoir ("Gregorius") is mentioned as "Bishop of Moray" in a charter of king David I of Scotland. The bishopric had its seat at Elgin and Elgin Cathedral, but was severally at Birnie, Kinneddar and as late as Bishop Andreas de Moravia at Spynie, where the bishops continued to maintain a palace. The Bishopric's links with Rome ceased to exist after the Scottish Reformation, but continued, saving temporary abolition between 1638 and 1661, under the episcopal Church of Scotland until the Revolution of 1688. Episcopacy in the established church in Scotland was permanently abolished in 1689. The Bishops fortified seat for over 500 years was at Spynie Palace., The Battle of Bannockburn ("Blàr Allt nam Bànag", often mistakenly called "Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich" in Scottish Gaelic) (24 June 1314) was a significant Scottish victory in the First War of Scottish Independence, and a landmark in Scottish history., Head of government is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. The term "head of government" is often differentiated from the term "head of state", (e.g. as in article 7 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, article 1 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents and the United Nations protocol list), as they may be separate positions, individuals, and/or roles depending on the country., An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop. In the High Middle Ages it was the most senior diocesan position below a bishop in the Roman Catholic Church. An archdeacon is often responsible for administration within an archdeaconry, which is the principal subdivision of the diocese. The "Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church" has defined an archdeacon as "A cleric having a defined administrative authority delegated to him by the bishop in the whole or part of the diocese." The office has often been described metaphorically as that of "oculus episcopi", the "bishop's eye"., The Diocese of Moray was one of the most important of the medieval dioceses in Scotland. 
History.
It was founded in the early years of the 12th century by David I of Scotland under its first bishop, Gregoir. It was suppressed in 1638 and never revived a s a titular see., Pope Boniface VIII (c. 1230  11 October 1303), born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303., Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state., Chancellor is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the "cancellarii" of Roman courts of justiceushers, who sat at the "cancelli" or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in all kinds of settings (government, education, religion, etc.). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe:
Head of government.
Germany.
The Chancellor of Germany or (official German title which means "Federal Chancellor"), is the title for the head of government in Germany. ' is the exclusively feminine form. In German politics the ' position is equivalent to that of a prime minister and is elected by the ', ("Federal Diet", the lower house of the German Federal Parliament), every four years on its first session after general elections. Between general elections, the Federal Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a ' ("constructive motion of no confidence") which consists in the candidacy of an opposition candidate for the office of Chancellor in the '. If this candidate gets a majority of the entire membership of the ', he (or she) will be sworn in immediately as new Federal Chancellor., Ciociaria is an area of Central Italy roughly corresponding to the province of Frosinone, but without a defined border nor historical identity. The name was adopted by a fascist movement of Frosinone as an ethnical denomination for the province of Frosinone, when it was created in 1927.
In the Middle Ages, this region was referred to as "Campagna". The local dialect, now known as "ciociaro", was earlier referred to as "campanino". In more recent times, the term "Campagna Romana", or Roman Campagna, a favorite subject of countless painters from all over Europe, has referred to the adjoining region to the north of "Ciociaria", but part of the Province of Rome., Andreas de Moravia (or Andrew of Moray) was a 13th-century Scottish bishop. He may have been from the "de Moravia" family of Flemish origin who were lords of Duffus and other areas in the Greater Moray region in this period. In the time of Bishop Bricius' episcopate (12031222), there was a man called "Andreas" who was rector of the church of St. Peter at Duffus, and this may well have been this Andreas. He may also have been a native Scot., Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides., The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.27 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history of Western civilisation. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments., Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: "RS"), is a nation state in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers and has a population of 2.06 million. It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations, European Union, and NATO. The capital and largest city is Ljubljana., The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency., The First War of Scottish Independence was the initial chapter of engagements in a series of warring periods between English and Scottish forces lasting from the invasion by England in 1296 until the "de jure" restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. "De facto" independence was established in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn. England attempted to establish its authority over Scotland while the Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland., Elgin Cathedral is a historic ruin in Elgin, Moray, north-east Scotland. The cathedraldedicated to the Holy Trinitywas established in 1224 on land granted by King Alexander II outside the burgh of Elgin and close to the River Lossie. It replaced the cathedral at Spynie, to the north, that was served by a small chapter of eight clerics. The new and bigger cathedral was staffed with 18 canons in 1226 and then increased to 23 by 1242. After a damaging fire in 1270, a rebuilding programme greatly enlarged the building. It was unaffected by the Wars of Scottish Independence but again suffered extensive fire damage in 1390 following an attack by Robert III's brother Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, also known as the Wolf of Badenoch. In 1402 the cathedral precinct again suffered an incendiary attack by the followers of the Lord of the Isles. The number of clerics required to staff the cathedral continued to grow, as did the number of craftsmen needed to maintain the buildings and surrounds. The number of canons had increased to 25 by the time of the Scottish Reformation in 1560, when the cathedral was abandoned and its services transferred to Elgin's parish church of St Giles. After the removal of the lead that waterproofed the roof in 1567, the cathedral steadily fell into decay. Its deterioration was arrested in the 19th century, by which time the building was in a substantially ruinous condition., San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains. Its size is just over , with a population of 33,562. Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest city is Dogana. San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe., David de Moravia ( died 1326 ) was Bishop of Moray during most of the First War of Scottish Independence . He was elected Bishop of Moray , probably in early 1299 . Extended details exist regarding the election because of an extant letter of Pope Boniface VIII. The result of the election was that David had 13 votes , the Dean had 4 votes , the Chancellor had 3 votes and the Archdeacon 1 vote . The Dean declared that David was elected , and sent a request for confirmation to the Papacy . The latter found an irregularity , though what exactly this was was not revealed . The election result was nominally declared void , but the Pope himself provided David directly to the bishopric . He was consecrated as Bishop at Anagni in Italy on 28 June 1299 , by Matthew of Aquasparta , Cardinal - Bishop of Porto . In 1306 , King Edward I of England charged Bishop David with complicity in the murder of John III Comyn , Lord of Badenoch . David was excommunicated and fled to the Earldom of Orkney . King Edward sent a request to King Haakon V of Norway for Bishop David to be arrested . David escaped capture . On 17 June 1320 , the bishop was again excommunicated , by Pope John XXII , as an abettor of King Robert I of Scotland , enemy of King Edward II of England . On the orders of the Pope , the Bishop of Dunblane and the Bishop of Winchester delivered a sentence of excommunication on David and other bishops on 23 May 1322 . Bishop David is particularly notable as the founder of the Scots College in Paris in 1325 , by donating the land on which it was built . The foundation confirmed by Charles the Fair , King of the French , in August 1326 . Bishop David , however , died before the College was formally instituted . He died on 6 January 1326 , and was buried in the choir of Elgin Cathedral ., Vatican City , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City, is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842, it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population, but formally it is not sovereign, sovereignty being held by the Holy See, the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world., The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI., Matthew of Aquasparta (Matteo di Aquasparta, 1240  29 October 1302) was an Italian Friar Minor and scholastic philosopher. He was elected Minister General of the Order., Subject: david de moravia, Relation: date_of_birth, Options: (A) 1 (B) 1001 (C) 1078 (D) 1093 (E) 110 (F) 1100 (G) 1107 (H) 1113 (I) 1124 (J) 1127 (K) 1153 (L) 1203 (M) 1222 (N) 1224 (O) 1230 (P) 1240 (Q) 1242 (R) 1296 (S) 1300 (T) 1302 (U) 1328 (V) 1402 (W) 1524 (X) 1567 (Y) 1638 (Z) 1661 ([) 1689 (\) 18 (]) 19 (^) 1927 (_) 2 (`) 2013 (a) 23 (b) 24 june 1314 (c) 25 (d) 29 (e) 32 (f) 33 (g) 337 (h) 464 (i) 500 (j) 61 (k) 67 (l) 7 (m) 790

Ex Output:
1300