Information:  - The New Dorp Lighthouse is a decommissioned lighthouse located in the New Dorp section of Staten Island, New York. Funds for the lighthouse were approved by Congress August 31, 1852 and the structure was completed in 1856. The lighthouse, built to serve as a rear range light to mark Swash Channel (a shipping channel in Lower New York Bay), was built by Richard Carlow, who also built the similar Chapel Hill and Point Comfort Range Lights in New Jersey around the same time. Ships sailing through Swash Channel were instructed to bring the New Dorp range light in one and steer towards the lights until the Chapel Hill Light came into view, which would then mark the channel past West Bank.  - Ambrose Channel is the main shipping channel in and out of the Port of New York and New Jersey. The channel is considered to be part of Lower New York Bay and is located several miles off the coasts of Sandy Hook in New Jersey and Breezy Point, Queens in New York. Ambrose Channel terminates at Ambrose Anchorage, just south of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, the gateway to New York Harbor, where it becomes known as the Anchorage Channel.  - The Staten Island Range Light, also known as the Ambrose Channel Range Light, is the rear range light companion to the West Bank Lighthouse. The 90-foot tower sits more than five miles northwest of the West Bank Lighthouse, on Staten Islands Richmond Hill (Lighthouse Hill), 141 feet above sea level. It shows a fixed white light that can be seen for 18 miles (on range only).  - Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. In the southwest of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park at the southern tip of the island and the state. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a 2015 Census-estimated population of 474,558, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at . The borough is coextensive with Richmond County, and until 1975 was the Borough of Richmond. Its flag was later changed to reflect this. Staten Island has been sometimes called "the forgotten borough" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government.  - West Bank Light, officially West Bank Front Range Light, is in Lower New York Bay and acts as the front range light for the Ambrose Channel. It is currently active and not open to the public.  - Elm Tree Beacon Light served as the front range with New Dorp Light as the rear to mark Swash Channel . The channel is now marked by Staten Island Light and West Bank Light .  - Lower New York Bay is a section of New York Bay south of the Narrows, the relatively narrow strait between the shores of Staten Island and Brooklyn. The southern end of the bay opens directly to the Atlantic Ocean between two spits of land, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and Rockaway, Queens, on Long Island. The southern portion between Staten Island and New Jersey, at the mouth of the Raritan River, is named Raritan Bay. The Hudson Canyon, the ancient riverbed of the Hudson River which existed during the last ice age when the ocean levels were lower, extends southeast from Lower New York Bay for hundreds of miles into the Atlantic Ocean. The nearby part of the Atlantic Ocean between New Jersey and Long Island is the New York Bight.    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'elm tree beacon light'.  Choices: - 1975  - age  - area  - bank  - bay  - bight  - canyon  - channel  - city  - congress  - county  - five  - front  - harbor  - ice age  - island  - lighthouse  - ocean  - part  - port  - public  - range  - sea  - the city  - time  - tower
lighthouse

Information:  - Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , "Yehudah", "Judah"; in Hebrew: , "Yahadut", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.  - Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729  4 January 1786) was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the "Haskalah", the 'Jewish enlightenment' of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is indebted.  - East Frisia or Eastern Friesland (East Frisian Low Saxon: "Oostfreesland") is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony.  It is the middle section of Frisia between West Frisia in the Netherlands and North Frisia in Schleswig-Holstein.   - Emden is a town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main town of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.  - A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science. The term "philosopher" comes from the Ancient Greek ("philosophos") meaning "lover of wisdom". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BC).  - Jacob Emden . also known as Ya'avetz ( June 4 , 1697 , Altona -- April 19 , 1776 , Altona ) , was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement . He was acclaimed in all circles for his extensive knowledge , thus Moses Mendelssohn , founder of the Jewish Enlightenment movement , wrote to him as `` your disciple , who thirsts for your words . '' Although Emden did not approve of the Hasidic movement which evolved during his lifetime , his books are highly regarded amongst the Hasidim . Thirty - one works were published during his lifetime , ten posthumously while others remain in manuscript . Emden was the son of the Chacham Tzvi , and a descendant of Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm . He lived most his life in Altona ( now a part of Hamburg , Germany ) , where he held no official rabbinic position and earned a living by printing books . His son was Meshullam Solomon , rabbi of the Hambro Synagogue in London who claimed authority as Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom from 1765 to 1780 .  - In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word ' , meaning "My Master" (irregular plural ' ), which is the way a student would address a master of Torah. The word "master" "" literally means "great one".    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'languages spoken or written' with the subject 'jacob emden'.  Choices: - ancient greek  - german  - greek  - hebrew
hebrew