Information:  - Colloquially, forum shopping is the practice adopted by some litigants of having their legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favorable judgment. Some jurisdictions have, for example, become known as "plaintiff-friendly" and so have attracted litigation even when there is little or no connection between the legal issues and the jurisdiction in which they are to be litigated.  - A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court. Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court.  - Jurisdiction (from the Latin "ius, " meaning "law" and "" meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law.  - Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp. , 544 U.S. 280 ( 2005 ) , is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court clarified the Rooker - Feldman doctrine and its relation to preclusion and concurrent jurisdiction .  - Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. This situation leads to forum shopping, as parties will try to have their civil or criminal case heard in the court that they perceive will be most favorable to them.     After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'exxon mobil corp. v. saudi basic industries corp.' exhibits the relationship of 'instance of'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - area  - court  - criminal  - criminal case  - government  - institution  - judgment  - jurisdiction  - law  - legal case  - practice  - rights  - rule  - tax  - tax law  - two  - will
legal case

Ques:Information:  - The Gallo - Romance branch of the Romance languages includes French and the languages of northern Italy . Based on mutual intelligibility , David Dalby counts seven languages : Gallo - Wallon , French , Franco - Provençal ( Arpitan ) , Romansh , Ladin , Friulian , and Lombard . However , other definitions are far broader , variously encompassing the Rhaeto - Romance languages , Occitano - Romance languages , and Gallo - Italic languages .  - Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.  - Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.  - Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") is a generic term for the "nonstandard" (as opposed to "classical") sociolects of Latin from which the Romance languages developed. Works written in Latin during classical times used Classical Latin rather than Vulgar Latin, with very few exceptions (most notably sections of Gaius Petronius' "Satyricon"). Because of its nonstandard nature, Vulgar Latin had no official orthography. Vulgar Latin is sometimes also called colloquial Latin, or Common Romance (particularly in the late stage). In Renaissance Latin, Vulgar Latin was called "vulgare Latinum" or "Latinum vulgare."  - The Gallo-Italian or Gallo-Italic languages constitute the majority of the languages of northern Italy. They are Piedmontese, Lombard, Emilian-Romagnol and Ligurian, although there is some doubt about the position of the latter due to a number of special characteristics. The Venetian language is usually considered one of the Italo-Dalmatian languages; however, some publications define it as Gallo-Italian.  - Venetian or Venetan (Venetian: ', ' or ") is a Romance language spoken as a native language by almost four million people in the northeast of Italy, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Istria, and some towns of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Brazil, Mexico, and Romania.  - The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.  - The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples. They include Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages) as well as a number of extinct languages of the Italian Peninsula, including Umbrian, Oscan, Faliscan and South Picene.    After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'gallo-romance languages' exhibits the relationship of 'instance of'. Find the answer from the choices below.  Choices: - branch  - continent  - extinct  - five  - four  - italy  - language  - language family  - number  - ocean  - official  - peninsula  - people  - position  - region of italy  - river  - romance  - speech  - term

Ans:
language family