Information:  - The monarchic title of grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) ranked in order of precedence below emperor and king, and above that of sovereign prince and sovereign duke. It is or was used in some independent nations or states in Europe, particularly:  - Cesare d'Este (1561  December 11, 1628) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1597 until his death.  - Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519  21 April 1574) was the second Duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany.  - Modena (Etruscan: "Mutna" Modenese: "Mòdna") is a city and "comune" (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.  - Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area.  - Camilla Martelli ( 30 May 1590) was first the lover and then the second wife of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo I de' Medici. She was the mother of Virginia de' Medici, future Duchess of Modena.  - Il Duca di Firenze, rendered in English as The Duke of Florence, was a title created in 1532 by Pope Clement VII. There were effectively only two dukes, Alessandro de' Medici and Cosimo de' Medici, the second duke being elevated to The Grand Duke of Tuscany, causing the Florentine title to become subordinate to the greater Tuscan title.  - Virginia de ' Medici ( 29 May 1568 -- 15 January 1615 ) was an illegitimate daughter of Cosimo I de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany and Camilla Martelli . She was the Duchess of Modena and Reggio by marriage to Cesare d'Este , Duke of Modena .    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'place of birth' with the subject 'virginia de' medici'.  Choices: - este  - florence  - king  - modena  - of  - pope  - side  - tuscany  - virginia
florence

Information:  - Taylor Edwin Hackford (born December 31, 1944) is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for "Teenage Father" (1979). Hackford went on to direct a number of highly regarded feature films, most notably "An Officer and a Gentleman" (1982) and "Ray" (2004), the latter of which saw him nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture.  - A short film is any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. Although no consensus exists as to where that boundary is drawn, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". The term featurette originally applied to a film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film.  - The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award for Best Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.  - The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to producers working in the film industry and is the only category in which every member is eligible to submit a nomination. The actors or actresses in the film will not accept this award unless he or she produced the film.  - A feature film is a film (also called a movie, motion picture or just film) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program. The notion of how long this should be has varied according to time and place. According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the American Film Institute, and the British Film Institute, a feature film runs for 40 minutes or longer, while the Screen Actors Guild states that it is 80 minutes or longer.  - This name for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film was introduced in 1974. For the three preceding years it was known as "Short Subjects, Live Action Films". The term "Short Subjects, Live Action Subjects" was used from 1957 until 1970. From 1936 until 1956 there were two separate awards, "Best Short Subject, One-reel" and "Best Short Subject, Two-reel". These categories referred to the running time of the short: a reel of film, in this context, being 1000 feet or less, or about 11 minutes. A third category "Best Short Subject, color" was used only for 1936 and 1937. From the initiation of short subject awards for 1932 until 1935 the terms were "Best Short Subject, comedy" and "Best Short Subject, novelty". Below is a list of Oscar-winning short films. The winning film is listed first, with the other nominated films for that year/category below.  - An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere, Debra Winger and Louis Gossett, Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, and was produced by Lorimar Productions for Paramount Pictures. It tells the story of Zack (Gere), a U.S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School. While Zack meets his first true girlfriend during his training, a local young woman named Paula (Winger), he also comes into conflict with the hard-driving Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant (Gossett, Jr.), the drill instructor training his class.  - Teenage Father is a 1978 American short film directed by Taylor Hackford . It won an Academy Award in 1979 for Best Short Subject .    Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'award received' with the subject 'teenage father'.  Choices: - academy award for best live action short film  - academy award for best picture  - academy award for best supporting actor  - american film institute  - award
academy award for best live action short film