Information:  - Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of German Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It consisted of Auschwitz I (the original camp), Auschwitz IIBirkenau (a combination concentration/extermination camp), Auschwitz IIIMonowitz (a labor camp to staff an IG Farben factory), and 45 satellite camps.  - A chemist (from Greek chm (ía) alchemy + -ist; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, reaction rates, and other chemical properties. The word 'chemist' is also used to address Pharmacists in Commonwealth English.  - Primo Michele Levi (31 July 1919  11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist, writer, and Holocaust survivor. He was the author of several books, novels, collections of short stories, essays, and poems. His best-known works include "If This Is a Man" (1947) (U.S.: "Survival in Auschwitz"), his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland; and his unique work, "The Periodic Table" (1975), linked to qualities of the elements, which the Royal Institution of Great Britain named the best science book ever written.  - If This Is a Man (first published in 1947 in Italian as "Se questo è un uomo" ; United States title: Survival in Auschwitz) is a work by the Italian Jewish writer Primo Levi. It describes his arrest as a member of the Italian anti-fascist resistance during the Second World War, and his incarceration in the Auschwitz concentration camp (Monowitz) from February 1944 until the camp was liberated on January 27, 1945.  - A collection of interviews , originally published in Primo Levi : Converzsazioni e interviste .    After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'the voice of memory' with the relationship of 'original language of work'.  Choices: - english  - german  - greek  - italian  - medieval latin  - polish
italian
Information:  - The Treaty of Breda (1650) was signed on 1 May 1650 between Charles II (King in exile of England, Scotland and Ireland) and the Scottish Covenanters during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.  - The Kirk Party were a radical Presbyterian faction of the Scottish Covenanters during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . They came to the fore after the defeat of the Engagers faction in 1648 at the hands of Oliver Cromwell and the English Parliament . They purged the Covenanter 's General Assembly and army of `` unGodly elements '' and crowned Charles II as King of Scotland in 1651 , in return for his explicit endorsement of their religious and political agenda in the Treaty of Breda ( 1650 ) . The Kirk party 's religious zeal did not help their cause militarily . In the month before the Battle of Dunbar they chose to institute a searching three day examination of the political and religious sentiments of the Scottish army . The result was that the army was purged of `` Malignants '' , 80 officers and 3000 experienced soldiers , while it lay within musket shot of the enemy . Their ranks were to some extent made up with replacements with strong spiritual beliefs but little military experience . The Kirk party were therefore discredited when their army was routed by Cromwell 's New Model Army at the Battle of Dunbar , in September 1650 . Thereafter , a more representative faction came to the fore in Scottish politics , which tried to reconcile ( at least temporarily ) the different factions of the Covenanters and Scottish Royalists to resist the English Parliamentarian invasion of Scotland . However , they in turn were defeated at the battle of Worcester in 1651 , leading eventually to Scotland 's annexation into the English Commonwealth . The Kirk party were disparagingly called `` whiggamores '' or `` whigs '' by their Scottish opponents ( See the Whiggamore Raid ) . The nickname was later applied ( equally offensively ) to those , headed by Anthony Ashley Cooper , Earl of Shaftesbury , calling for the exclusion of James , Duke of York from the English throne on the grounds of his Catholicism .  - Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.  - The English Civil War (16421651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's government. The first (164246) and second (164849) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (164951) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.  - The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 onwards when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth", adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649. Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State. During the period, fighting continued, particularly in Ireland and Scotland, between the parliamentary forces and those opposed to them, as part of what is now referred to as the Third English Civil War.  - The Engagers were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters, who made "The Engagement" with King Charles I in December 1647 while he was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle by the English Parliamentarians after his defeat in the First Civil War.  - The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England, Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651. The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms' monarch, Charles I, by the English parliament in 1649.    After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'kirk party' with the relationship of 'inception'.  Choices: - 1  - 1639  - 1642  - 1647  - 1648  - 1649  - 1650  - 1651  - 1658  - 19  - 25
1647