A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf Gl 357 including a transiting hot Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterisation

29 Apr 2019 · R. Luque, E. Pallé, D. Kossakowski, S. Dreizler, J. Kemmer, N. Espinoza, G. Anglada-Escudé, V. J. S. Béjar, J. A. Caballero, M. Cortés-Contreras, E. Díez-Alonso, A. Hatzes, C. Hellier, T. Henning, S. V. Jeffers, L. Kaltenegger, M. Kürster, K. Molaverdikhani, D. Montes, N. Narita, G. Nowak, A. Ofir, M. Oshagh, H. Parviainen, A. Quirrenbach, S. Reffert, A. Reiners, C. Rodríguez-López, M. Schlecker, S. Stock, T. Trifonov, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Zechmeister, P. J. Amado, D. R. Anderson, N. E. Batalha, F. F. Bauer, P. Bluhm, C. J. Burke, J. Burt, R. P. Butler, D. A. Caldwell, G. Chen, K. A. Collins, K. I. Collins, J. D. Crane, C. D. Dressing, S. Dynes, F. Feng, J. M. Jenkins, A. Kaminski, H. Klahr, T. Kotani, M. Lafarga, D. W. Latham, S. McDermott, P. Montañés-Rodríguez, J. C. Morales, F. Murgas, E. Nagel, S. Pedraz, I. Ribas, G. R. Ricker, P. Rowden, S. A. Shectman, M. Tamura, J. Teske, J. D. Twicken, S. X. Wang, J. W. Winn, B. Wohler ·

We report the detection of a transiting Earth-size planet around Gl 357, a nearby M2.5 V star, using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Gl 357 b (TOI-562.01) is a transiting hot Earth-like planet (Teq=531+-12 K) with a radius of Rb=1.17+-0.06 Re and an orbital period of Pb=3.93 d. Precise stellar radial velocities from CARMENES as well as archival data from HIRES, UVES, and HARPS, also display a 3.93-day periodicity, confirming the existence of the planet and leading to planetary mass of Mb=1.63+-0.30 Me. In addition to the radial velocity signal for Gl 357 b, a second periodicity with Pc=9.12 d indicates the presence of a second, non-transiting planet candidate in the system, Gl 357 c, with a minimum mass of Mc=3.59+-0.50 Me. The star is relatively inactive and exhibits a photometric rotation period of Prot=78+-2 d. Gl 357 b is the second closest transiting planet to the Sun; its brightness makes it a prime target for further investigations, such as atmospheric spectroscopy and is, to date, the best terrestrial transiting planet suitable for atmospheric characterisation with the upcoming JWST and the ground-based ELTs.

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A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf Gl 357 including a transiting hot Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterisation

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