TASK	DATASET	MODEL	METRIC NAME	METRIC VALUE	GLOBAL RANK
Zero-shot Text Search	ArguAna	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	49.3	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	ArguAna	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	51.5	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Base (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. Accuracy	52.1	# 7
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Base (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. nDCG@10	46.2	# 3
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Large (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. Accuracy	54.1	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Large (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. nDCG@10	48.4	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	BioASQ	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	42.9	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	BioASQ	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	44.9	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	CLIMATE-FEVER	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	21.1	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	CLIMATE-FEVER	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	24.7	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	CQADupStack	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	37	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	CQADupStack	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	39.3	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	DBpedia	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	40.7	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	DBpedia	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	39.1	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	FEVER	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	75.1	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	FEVER	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	79.3	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	FiQA-2018	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	30.7	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	FiQA-2018	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	32.9	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	NFCorpus	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	35.4	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	NFCorpus	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	35.5	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	NQ	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	54.7	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	NQ	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	50.5	# 3
Zero-shot Text Search	quora	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	87.2	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	quora	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	86.7	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	Robust04	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	44.3	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	Robust04	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	48.2	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	SciDocs	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	16	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	SciDocs	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	17.8	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	SciFact	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	72.2	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	SciFact	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	70.9	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	Signal-1M (RT)	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	28.5	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	Signal-1M (RT)	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	27.1	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	78.9	# 3
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	80.4	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GTR XXL	nDCG@10	50.1	# 7
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GTR XL	nDCG@10	58.4	# 6
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GPL	nDCG@10	70	# 4
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GenQ	nDCG@10	61.9	# 5
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-News	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	40.3	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-News	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	43.2	# 1
Zero-shot Text Search	Webis-Touché-2020	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	23.8	# 2
Zero-shot Text Search	Webis-Touché-2020	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	26.3	# 1

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COCO-DR: Combating Distribution Shifts in Zero-Shot Dense Retrieval with Contrastive and Distributionally Robust Learning

27 Oct 2022 · Yue Yu, Chenyan Xiong, Si Sun, Chao Zhang, Arnold Overwijk ·

We present a new zero-shot dense retrieval (ZeroDR) method, COCO-DR, to improve the generalization ability of dense retrieval by combating the distribution shifts between source training tasks and target scenarios. To mitigate the impact of document differences, COCO-DR continues pretraining the language model on the target corpora to adapt the model to target distributions via COtinuous COtrastive learning. To prepare for unseen target queries, COCO-DR leverages implicit Distributionally Robust Optimization (iDRO) to reweight samples from different source query clusters for improving model robustness over rare queries during fine-tuning. COCO-DR achieves superior average performance on BEIR, the zero-shot retrieval benchmark. At BERT Base scale, COCO-DR Base outperforms other ZeroDR models with 60x larger size. At BERT Large scale, COCO-DR Large outperforms the giant GPT-3 embedding model which has 500x more parameters. Our analysis show the correlation between COCO-DR's effectiveness in combating distribution shifts and improving zero-shot accuracy. Our code and model can be found at \url{https://github.com/OpenMatch/COCO-DR}.

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Language Modeling

Language Modelling

Retrieval

Text Retrieval

Zero-shot Text Search

Datasets

Natural Questions

MS MARCO

HotpotQA

DBpedia

FEVER

BEIR

BioASQ SciFact TREC-COVID

SciDocs CLIMATE-FEVER Robust04 CQADupStack NFCorpus TREC-News Webis-Touché-2020 Signal-1M

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Ranked #1 on Zero-shot Text Search on CQADupStack

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Task	Dataset	Model	Metric Name	Metric Value	Global Rank	Benchmark
Zero-shot Text Search	ArguAna	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	49.3	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	ArguAna	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	51.5	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Base (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. Accuracy	52.1	# 7	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Base (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. nDCG@10	46.2	# 3	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Large (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. Accuracy	54.1	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BEIR	COCO-DR Large (Yu et al., 2022)	Avg. nDCG@10	48.4	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BioASQ	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	42.9	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	BioASQ	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	44.9	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	CLIMATE-FEVER	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	21.1	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	CLIMATE-FEVER	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	24.7	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	CQADupStack	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	37	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	CQADupStack	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	39.3	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	DBpedia	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	40.7	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	DBpedia	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	39.1	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	FEVER	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	75.1	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	FEVER	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	79.3	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	FiQA-2018	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	30.7	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	FiQA-2018	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	32.9	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	NFCorpus	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	35.4	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	NFCorpus	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	35.5	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	NQ	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	54.7	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	NQ	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	50.5	# 3	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	quora	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	87.2	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	quora	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	86.7	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Robust04	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	44.3	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Robust04	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	48.2	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	SciDocs	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	16	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	SciDocs	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	17.8	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	SciFact	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	72.2	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	SciFact	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	70.9	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Signal-1M (RT)	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	28.5	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Signal-1M (RT)	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	27.1	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	78.9	# 3	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	80.4	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GTR XXL	nDCG@10	50.1	# 7	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GTR XL	nDCG@10	58.4	# 6	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GPL	nDCG@10	70	# 4	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-COVID	GenQ	nDCG@10	61.9	# 5	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-News	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	40.3	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	TREC-News	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	43.2	# 1	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Webis-Touché-2020	COCO-DR Base	nDCG@10	23.8	# 2	Compare
Zero-shot Text Search	Webis-Touché-2020	COCO-DR Large	nDCG@10	26.3	# 1	Compare

Methods

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Adam • Attention Dropout • BASE • BERT • BPE • Cosine Annealing • Dense Connections • Dropout • Fixed Factorized Attention • GELU • GPT-3 • Layer Normalization • Linear Layer • Linear Warmup With Cosine Annealing • Linear Warmup With Linear Decay • Multi-Head Attention • Residual Connection • Scaled Dot-Product Attention • Softmax • Strided Attention • Weight Decay • WordPiece

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COCO-DR: Combating Distribution Shifts in Zero-Shot Dense Retrieval with Contrastive and Distributionally Robust Learning

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