The vast majority of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques rely on second-order statistics to define their optimization objective. Even though this provides adequate results in most cases, it comes with several shortcomings... The methods require carefully designed regularizers and they are usually prone to outliers. In this work, a new DR framework, that can directly model the target distribution using the notion of similarity instead of distance, is introduced. The proposed framework, called Similarity Embedding Framework, can overcome the aforementioned limitations and provides a conceptually simpler way to express optimization targets similar to existing DR techniques. Deriving a new DR technique using the Similarity Embedding Framework becomes simply a matter of choosing an appropriate target similarity matrix. A variety of classical tasks, such as performing supervised dimensionality reduction and providing out-of-of-sample extensions, as well as, new novel techniques, such as providing fast linear embeddings for complex techniques, are demonstrated in this paper using the proposed framework. Six datasets from a diverse range of domains are used to evaluate the proposed method and it is demonstrated that it can outperform many existing DR techniques. (read more)