Structured Illumination in Spatial-Orientational Hyperspace
The dipole nature of chromophore is important for both super-resolution microscopy and imaging molecular structure, which is nevertheless neglected in most microscopies, even including structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with polarized excitations. Here we interpret fluorescent dipoles in spatial-orientational hyperspace, in which polarized excitation is structured illumination on the dimension of dipole orientation. Furthermore, we developed polarized SIM (PSIM), which attains super-resolution imaging of fluorescent dipoles directly on commercial SIM systems.
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Optics
