Universum Prescription: Regularization using Unlabeled Data

11 Nov 2015  ·  Xiang Zhang, Yann Lecun ·

This paper shows that simply prescribing "none of the above" labels to unlabeled data has a beneficial regularization effect to supervised learning. We call it universum prescription by the fact that the prescribed labels cannot be one of the supervised labels. In spite of its simplicity, universum prescription obtained competitive results in training deep convolutional networks for CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, STL-10 and ImageNet datasets. A qualitative justification of these approaches using Rademacher complexity is presented. The effect of a regularization parameter -- probability of sampling from unlabeled data -- is also studied empirically.

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Results from the Paper


Task Dataset Model Metric Name Metric Value Global Rank Result Benchmark
Image Classification CIFAR-10 Universum Prescription Percentage correct 93.3 # 158
Image Classification CIFAR-100 Universum Prescription Percentage correct 67.2 # 175

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