Search Results for author: Leo Anthony Celi

Found 47 papers, 14 papers with code

Performance Gains of LLMs With Humans in a World of LLMs Versus Humans

no code implementations13 May 2025 Lucas McCullum, Pelagie Ami Agassi, Leo Anthony Celi, Daniel K. Ebner, Chrystinne Oliveira Fernandes, Rachel S. Hicklen, Mkliwa Koumbia, Lisa Soleymani Lehmann, David Restrepo

Currently, a considerable research effort is devoted to comparing LLMs to a group of human experts, where the term "expert" is often ill-defined or variable, at best, in a state of constantly updating LLM releases.

An Algorithmic Approach for Causal Health Equity: A Look at Race Differentials in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Outcomes

no code implementations9 Jan 2025 Drago Plecko, Paul Secombe, Andrea Clarke, Amelia Fiske, Samarra Toby, Donisha Duff, David Pilcher, Leo Anthony Celi, Rinaldo Bellomo, Elias Bareinboim

Thus, due to worse access to primary health care, minority patients are more likely to end up in ICU for preventable conditions, causing a reduction in the mortality rates and creating an effect that appears to be protective.

Causal Inference ICU Admission

Analyzing Diversity in Healthcare LLM Research: A Scientometric Perspective

no code implementations19 Jun 2024 David Restrepo, Chenwei Wu, Constanza Vásquez-Venegas, João Matos, Jack Gallifant, Leo Anthony Celi, Danielle S. Bitterman, Luis Filipe Nakayama

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare has demonstrated substantial potential for enhancing clinical decision-making, administrative efficiency, and patient outcomes.

Decision Making Diversity

Language Models are Surprisingly Fragile to Drug Names in Biomedical Benchmarks

1 code implementation17 Jun 2024 Jack Gallifant, Shan Chen, Pedro Moreira, Nikolaj Munch, Mingye Gao, Jackson Pond, Leo Anthony Celi, Hugo Aerts, Thomas Hartvigsen, Danielle Bitterman

Medical knowledge is context-dependent and requires consistent reasoning across various natural language expressions of semantically equivalent phrases.

MedQA

Multimodal Deep Learning for Low-Resource Settings: A Vector Embedding Alignment Approach for Healthcare Applications

no code implementations2 Jun 2024 David Restrepo, Chenwei Wu, Sebastián Andrés Cajas, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Leo Anthony Celi, Diego M López

Our paper investigates the efficiency and effectiveness of using vector embeddings from single-modal foundation models and multi-modal Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for multimodal deep learning in low-resource environments, particularly in healthcare.

Computational Efficiency Deep Learning +1

DengueNet: Dengue Prediction using Spatiotemporal Satellite Imagery for Resource-Limited Countries

1 code implementation20 Jan 2024 Kuan-Ting Kuo, Dana Moukheiber, Sebastian Cajas Ordonez, David Restrepo, Atika Rahman Paddo, Tsung-Yu Chen, Lama Moukheiber, Mira Moukheiber, Sulaiman Moukheiber, Saptarshi Purkayastha, Po-Chih Kuo, Leo Anthony Celi

In this study, our aim is to improve health equity in resource-constrained countries by exploring the effectiveness of high-resolution satellite imagery as a nontraditional and readily accessible data source.

Generalization in medical AI: a perspective on developing scalable models

no code implementations9 Nov 2023 Eran Zvuloni, Leo Anthony Celi, Joachim A. Behar

The scientific community is increasingly recognizing the importance of generalization in medical AI for translating research into practical clinical applications.

Diversity Out-of-Distribution Generalization +1

Causal thinking for decision making on Electronic Health Records: why and how

1 code implementation3 Aug 2023 Matthieu Doutreligne, Tristan Struja, Judith Abecassis, Claire Morgand, Leo Anthony Celi, Gaël Varoquaux

We illustrate the various choices in studying the effect of albumin on sepsis mortality in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV).

Decision Making valid

Evaluating the Impact of Social Determinants on Health Prediction in the Intensive Care Unit

no code implementations22 May 2023 Ming Ying Yang, Gloria Hyunjung Kwak, Tom Pollard, Leo Anthony Celi, Marzyeh Ghassemi

Social determinants of health (SDOH) -- the conditions in which people live, grow, and age -- play a crucial role in a person's health and well-being.

Fairness

Towards clinical AI fairness: A translational perspective

no code implementations26 Apr 2023 Mingxuan Liu, Yilin Ning, Salinelat Teixayavong, Mayli Mertens, Jie Xu, Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng, Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Zhen Ling Teo, Ting Fang Tan, Ravi Chandran Narrendar, Fei Wang, Leo Anthony Celi, Marcus Eng Hock Ong, Nan Liu

In this paper, we discuss the misalignment between technical and clinical perspectives of AI fairness, highlight the barriers to AI fairness' translation to healthcare, advocate multidisciplinary collaboration to bridge the knowledge gap, and provide possible solutions to address the clinical concerns pertaining to AI fairness.

Fairness Translation

Early Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from Chest X-Rays using Transfer Learning and Fusion Strategies

no code implementations13 Nov 2022 Ryan Wang, Li-Ching Chen, Lama Moukheiber, Mira Moukheiber, Dana Moukheiber, Zach Zaiman, Sulaiman Moukheiber, Tess Litchman, Kenneth Seastedt, Hari Trivedi, Rebecca Steinberg, Po-Chih Kuo, Judy Gichoya, Leo Anthony Celi

We further propose two fusion schemes, (1) model-level fusion, including bagging and stacking methods using MIMIC-CXR, and (2) data-level fusion, including multi-site data using MIMIC-CXR and Emory-CXR, and multi-modal using MIMIC-CXRs and MIMIC-IV EHR, to improve the overall model performance.

Fairness Transfer Learning

Write It Like You See It: Detectable Differences in Clinical Notes By Race Lead To Differential Model Recommendations

no code implementations8 May 2022 Hammaad Adam, Ming Ying Yang, Kenrick Cato, Ioana Baldini, Charles Senteio, Leo Anthony Celi, Jiaming Zeng, Moninder Singh, Marzyeh Ghassemi

In this study, we investigate the level of implicit race information available to ML models and human experts and the implications of model-detectable differences in clinical notes.

Identification of Subgroups With Similar Benefits in Off-Policy Policy Evaluation

no code implementations28 Nov 2021 Ramtin Keramati, Omer Gottesman, Leo Anthony Celi, Finale Doshi-Velez, Emma Brunskill

Off-policy policy evaluation methods for sequential decision making can be used to help identify if a proposed decision policy is better than a current baseline policy.

Decision Making Sequential Decision Making

Reading Race: AI Recognises Patient's Racial Identity In Medical Images

no code implementations21 Jul 2021 Imon Banerjee, Ananth Reddy Bhimireddy, John L. Burns, Leo Anthony Celi, Li-Ching Chen, Ramon Correa, Natalie Dullerud, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Shih-Cheng Huang, Po-Chih Kuo, Matthew P Lungren, Lyle Palmer, Brandon J Price, Saptarshi Purkayastha, Ayis Pyrros, Luke Oakden-Rayner, Chima Okechukwu, Laleh Seyyed-Kalantari, Hari Trivedi, Ryan Wang, Zachary Zaiman, Haoran Zhang, Judy W Gichoya

Methods: Using private and public datasets we evaluate: A) performance quantification of deep learning models to detect race from medical images, including the ability of these models to generalize to external environments and across multiple imaging modalities, B) assessment of possible confounding anatomic and phenotype population features, such as disease distribution and body habitus as predictors of race, and C) investigation into the underlying mechanism by which AI models can recognize race.

Acronym Identification and Disambiguation Shared Tasks for Scientific Document Understanding

no code implementations22 Dec 2020 Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh, Franck Dernoncourt, Thien Huu Nguyen, Walter Chang, Leo Anthony Celi

To push forward research in this direction, we have organized two shared task for acronym identification and acronym disambiguation in scientific documents, named AI@SDU and AD@SDU, respectively.

document understanding

Real-time Prediction of COVID-19 related Mortality using Electronic Health Records

no code implementations31 Aug 2020 Patrick Schwab, Arash Mehrjou, Sonali Parbhoo, Leo Anthony Celi, Jürgen Hetzel, Markus Hofer, Bernhard Schölkopf, Stefan Bauer

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with rapid human-to-human transmission and a high case fatality rate particularly in older patients.

Specificity

A Corpus for Detecting High-Context Medical Conditions in Intensive Care Patient Notes Focusing on Frequently Readmitted Patients

no code implementations LREC 2020 Edward T. Moseley, Joy T. Wu, Jonathan Welt, John Foote, Patrick D. Tyler, David W. Grant, Eric T. Carlson, Sebastian Gehrmann, Franck Dernoncourt, Leo Anthony Celi

In this paper, we introduce a dataset for patient phenotyping, a task that is defined as the identification of whether a patient has a given medical condition (also referred to as clinical indication or phenotype) based on their patient note.

Patient Phenotyping

Interpretable Off-Policy Evaluation in Reinforcement Learning by Highlighting Influential Transitions

no code implementations ICML 2020 Omer Gottesman, Joseph Futoma, Yao Liu, Sonali Parbhoo, Leo Anthony Celi, Emma Brunskill, Finale Doshi-Velez

Off-policy evaluation in reinforcement learning offers the chance of using observational data to improve future outcomes in domains such as healthcare and education, but safe deployment in high stakes settings requires ways of assessing its validity.

Off-policy evaluation reinforcement-learning +1

Racial Disparities and Mistrust in End-of-Life Care

1 code implementation11 Aug 2018 Willie Boag, Harini Suresh, Leo Anthony Celi, Peter Szolovits, Marzyeh Ghassemi

There are established racial disparities in healthcare, including during end-of-life care, when poor communication and trust can lead to suboptimal outcomes for patients and their families.

Applications

Withholding or withdrawing invasive interventions may not accelerate time to death among dying ICU patients

no code implementations4 Aug 2018 Daniele Ramazzotti, Peter Clardy, Leo Anthony Celi, David J. Stone, Robert S. Rudin

Comparing the period 2002-2005 vs. 2008-2011, we found a reduction in the use of vasopressors and inotropes among patients with the lowest severity who died within 30 days of ICU admission (41. 8 vs. 36. 2 hours, p<0. 001) but not among those with the highest severity.

ICU Admission

Modeling Mistrust in End-of-Life Care

1 code implementation30 Jun 2018 Willie Boag, Harini Suresh, Leo Anthony Celi, Peter Szolovits, Marzyeh Ghassemi

In this work, we characterize the doctor-patient relationship using a machine learning-derived trust score.

BIG-bench Machine Learning Sentiment Analysis

Continuous State-Space Models for Optimal Sepsis Treatment - a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

no code implementations23 May 2017 Aniruddh Raghu, Matthieu Komorowski, Leo Anthony Celi, Peter Szolovits, Marzyeh Ghassemi

In this work, we propose a new approach to deduce optimal treatment policies for septic patients by using continuous state-space models and deep reinforcement learning.

Decision Making Deep Reinforcement Learning +2

MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database

2 code implementations Nature 2016 Alistair E.W. Johnson, Tom J. Pollard, Lu Shen, Li-wei H. Lehman, Mengling Feng, Mohammad Ghassemi, Benjamin Moody, Peter Szolovits, Leo Anthony Celi, Roger G. Mark

MIMIC-III (‘Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care’) is a large, single-center database comprising information relating to patients admitted to critical care units at a large tertiary care hospital.

 Ranked #1 on Multi-Label Classification Of Biomedical Texts on MIMIC-III (using extra training data)

Blood pressure estimation Data Integration +7

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