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Found 15 papers, 11 papers with code
The Limited Impact of Medical Adaptation of Large Language and Vision-Language Models
Several recent works seek to develop foundation models specifically for medical applications, adapting general-purpose large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) via continued pretraining on publicly available biomedical corpora.
Medical Adaptation of Large Language and Vision-Language Models: Are We Making Progress?
For instance, across the tasks and model pairs we consider in the 3-shot setting, medical LLMs only outperform their base models in 12. 1% of cases, reach a (statistical) tie in 49. 8% of cases, and are significantly worse than their base models in the remaining 38. 2% of cases.
Auditing Fairness under Unobserved Confounding
The presence of inequity is a fundamental problem in the outcomes of decision-making systems, especially when human lives are at stake.
Recent Advances, Applications, and Open Challenges in Machine Learning for Health: Reflections from Research Roundtables at ML4H 2023 Symposium
The organization of the research roundtables at the conference involved 17 Senior Chairs and 19 Junior Chairs across 11 tables.
Benchmarking Observational Studies with Experimental Data under Right-Censoring
Drawing causal inferences from observational studies (OS) requires unverifiable validity assumptions; however, one can falsify those assumptions by benchmarking the OS with experimental data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Falsification of Internal and External Validity in Observational Studies via Conditional Moment Restrictions
Our approach is interpretable, allowing a practitioner to visualize which subgroups in the population lead to falsification of an observational study.
Falsification before Extrapolation in Causal Effect Estimation
Under the assumption that at least one observational estimator is asymptotically normal and consistent for both the validation and extrapolated effects, we provide guarantees on the coverage probability of the intervals output by our algorithm.
Evaluating Robustness to Dataset Shift via Parametric Robustness Sets
We give a method for proactively identifying small, plausible shifts in distribution which lead to large differences in model performance.
Finding Regions of Heterogeneity in Decision-Making via Expected Conditional Covariance
Individuals often make different decisions when faced with the same context, due to personal preferences and background.
Regularizing towards Causal Invariance: Linear Models with Proxies
In the case of two proxy variables, we propose a modified estimator that is prediction optimal under interventions up to a known strength.
Trajectory Inspection: A Method for Iterative Clinician-Driven Design of Reinforcement Learning Studies
Reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to significantly improve clinical decision making.
Treatment Policy Learning in Multiobjective Settings with Fully Observed Outcomes
In several medical decision-making problems, such as antibiotic prescription, laboratory testing can provide precise indications for how a patient will respond to different treatment options.
ML4H Abstract Track 2019
A collection of the accepted abstracts for the Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) workshop at NeurIPS 2019.
Characterization of Overlap in Observational Studies
Overlap between treatment groups is required for non-parametric estimation of causal effects.
Counterfactual Off-Policy Evaluation with Gumbel-Max Structural Causal Models
We introduce an off-policy evaluation procedure for highlighting episodes where applying a reinforcement learned (RL) policy is likely to have produced a substantially different outcome than the observed policy.
