ReZero

ReZero is a normalization approach that dynamically facilitates well-behaved gradients and arbitrarily deep signal propagation. The idea is simple: ReZero initializes each layer to perform the identity operation. For each layer, a residual connection is introduced for the input signal $x$ and one trainable parameter $\alpha$ that modulates the non-trivial transformation of a layer $F(\mathbf{x})$:

$$ \mathbf{x}_{i+1}=\mathbf{x}_{i}+\alpha_{i} F\left(\mathbf{x}_{i}\right) $$

where $\alpha=0$ at the beginning of training. Initially the gradients for all parameters defining $F$ vanish, but dynamically evolve to suitable values during initial stages of training. The architecture is illustrated in the Figure.