Capitalization Normalization for Language Modeling with an Accurate and Efficient Hierarchical RNN Model

16 Feb 2022  ·  Hao Zhang, You-Chi Cheng, Shankar Kumar, W. Ronny Huang, Mingqing Chen, Rajiv Mathews ·

Capitalization normalization (truecasing) is the task of restoring the correct case (uppercase or lowercase) of noisy text. We propose a fast, accurate and compact two-level hierarchical word-and-character-based recurrent neural network model. We use the truecaser to normalize user-generated text in a Federated Learning framework for language modeling. A case-aware language model trained on this normalized text achieves the same perplexity as a model trained on text with gold capitalization. In a real user A/B experiment, we demonstrate that the improvement translates to reduced prediction error rates in a virtual keyboard application. Similarly, in an ASR language model fusion experiment, we show reduction in uppercase character error rate and word error rate.

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