DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplification

30 May 2023  ·  Regina Stodden, Omar Momen, Laura Kallmeyer ·

Text simplification is an intralingual translation task in which documents, or sentences of a complex source text are simplified for a target audience. The success of automatic text simplification systems is highly dependent on the quality of parallel data used for training and evaluation. To advance sentence simplification and document simplification in German, this paper presents DEplain, a new dataset of parallel, professionally written and manually aligned simplifications in plain German ("plain DE" or in German: "Einfache Sprache"). DEplain consists of a news domain (approx. 500 document pairs, approx. 13k sentence pairs) and a web-domain corpus (approx. 150 aligned documents, approx. 2k aligned sentence pairs). In addition, we are building a web harvester and experimenting with automatic alignment methods to facilitate the integration of non-aligned and to be published parallel documents. Using this approach, we are dynamically increasing the web domain corpus, so it is currently extended to approx. 750 document pairs and approx. 3.5k aligned sentence pairs. We show that using DEplain to train a transformer-based seq2seq text simplification model can achieve promising results. We make available the corpus, the adapted alignment methods for German, the web harvester and the trained models here: https://github.com/rstodden/DEPlain.

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Results from the Paper


Task Dataset Model Metric Name Metric Value Global Rank Uses Extra
Training Data
Benchmark
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 44.56 # 1
BLEU 38.136 # 1
BertScore (Precision) 0.598 # 1
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.4 # 1
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 42.862 # 2
BLEU 36.449 # 2
BertScore (Precision) 0.589 # 2
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.4 # 1
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 35.02 # 3
BLEU 12.913 # 3
BertScore (Precision) 0.475 # 3
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 59.55 # 3
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.818 # 2
BLEU 28.25 # 2
BertScore (Precision) 0.639 # 2
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 63.072 # 1
Text Simplification DEplain-APA-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.904 # 1
BLEU 28.506 # 1
BertScore (Precision) 0.64 # 1
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 62.669 # 2
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 43.087 # 3
BLEU 21.9 # 3
BertScore (Precision) 0.377 # 3
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 64.7 # 1
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 49.584 # 2
BLEU 23.282 # 2
BertScore (Precision) 0.462 # 1
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 63.5 # 2
Text Simplification DEplain-web-doc long-mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-doc & DEplain-web-doc) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 49.745 # 1
BLEU 23.37 # 1
BertScore (Precision) 0.445 # 2
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 57.95 # 3
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 30.867 # 2
BLEU 15.727 # 2
BertScore (Precision) 0.413 # 2
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 64.516 # 2
Text Simplification DEplain-web-sent mBART (trained on DEplain-APA-sent & DEplain-web-sent) SARI (EASSE>=0.2.1) 34.828 # 1
BLEU 17.88 # 1
BertScore (Precision) 0.436 # 1
FRE (Flesch Reading Ease) 65.249 # 1

Methods