Using Paraphrases to Study Properties of Contextual Embeddings

NAACL 2022 · Laura Burdick, Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Rada Mihalcea ·

We use paraphrases as a unique source of data to analyze contextualized embeddings, with a particular focus on BERT. Because paraphrases naturally encode consistent word and phrase semantics, they provide a unique lens for investigating properties of embeddings. Using the Paraphrase Database's alignments, we study words within paraphrases as well as phrase representations. We find that contextual embeddings effectively handle polysemous words, but give synonyms surprisingly different representations in many cases. We confirm previous findings that BERT is sensitive to word order, but find slightly different patterns than prior work in terms of the level of contextualization across BERT's layers.

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Adam • Attention Dropout • BERT • Dense Connections • Dropout • GELU • Layer Normalization • Linear Layer • Linear Warmup With Linear Decay • Multi-Head Attention • Residual Connection • Scaled Dot-Product Attention • Softmax • Weight Decay • WordPiece

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Using Paraphrases to Study Properties of Contextual Embeddings

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